Business event Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business event Operation - Essay Example The event seeks to deliver an understanding to the customer segments that the newly-developed vodka emanates from the company’s devotion that compelled its staff to embark on a two-year research and development to produce the sophisticated wine with a 100% wheat ingredients (Coulter 2010, p. 5). In order to reach the target consumer groups, the observation has been that the Cavendish London hotel’s eco-friendly practices will match the firm’s need to provoke the understanding that the company is indeed devoted into emulating sustainable measures in every aspect that it will relate to during its endeavours. The choice of holding the event at the Cavendish London matches the marketing and consumer attraction needs since the target high-end clientele will perceive the important aspects outlined in the product and conceive the reality of the attributes since the acceptance of the product’s launch at the hotel will emanate from the evaluations undertaken by the venue’s management to identify the products eco-friendly aspects (Van der Aalst, 2008, p. 190). The four star hotel is located at the city’s commercial centre and its provision of environmentally friendly attributes relate to the newly developed vodka’s sustainability measures and consumption patterns in the target consumer markets (Corrà   2010, p. 2). The emphases that the venue is an appropriate platform emanate from the provision of large conference rooms that can comfortably accommodate the estimated 100 number of guests. Further, the Cavendish management will provide the required dining and enterta inment room, and following the consultations made, the Big Ben Conferencing room and the immediate rooms will be allocated to suit the event’s needs. The two parties have agreed to enter into a mutual agreement in hosting the new vodka launching event. The Cavendish London and the Maitre de Chai profess similar sustainable measures despite their

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay Example for Free

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay Introduction Education is perhaps the main source of human intellectual development and a critical factor pertaining to standard of living. Education here refers to all instructions received by a child, whether at home, playground, or school. Continuous increase in population and declining assets in public education give birth to a serious dilemma for developing countries. Like most of rest of the developing world, Pakistan is known to be a male dominated country and ranks as the seventh most populous of the world. The sex ratio is 105.7 men to every 100 women, with an overall literacy rate of only 45%; 56.5 percent for males and 32.6 percent for females in 1998 (Jehan, 2000). For centuries women have been battling for equality, yet the society continues to shape the stereotypical view of women and is responsible for the lower status of women. This paper aims to explore the factors obstructing Pakistani women, specifically in rural areas where they cannot acquire education. The consequences they face due to lack of academic opportunities are also discussed alongside an elaborate analysis pertaining to various sociological concepts introduced in the course. This is an ongoing cultural and political issue, which reflects the corrupt government and extreme subjective interpretations of the religious doctrines. The status of Pakistani women reflects the complex interplay of many factors such as social, cultural, and religious views. In addition, the gender biases, geographical regions, and social classes pose several difficulties for Pakistani women. Lack of education quite obviously hinders their practicality in the workforce along with increased unawareness about health and failure to access legal rights for mistreatment from the male dominating society. The social and cultural perspective of Pakistani society is primarily patriarchal. At a very early stage men and women are divided into two separate worlds, this becomes a way of life. For women home is defined as being the lawfully ideological space whereas, the men dominate the world outside the home. This false ideological discrimination between inside and outside worlds is supported by the notion of honor and the tradition of purdah (veil, the seclusion of women from the sight of men or strangers) in Pakistan (Country Briefing Paper, 2000). The male honor is associated with the women’s sexual behaviour, the family’s honor hold great emphasis on women’s sexuality. Although the women are not prohibited from working, at the same time they are supposed to firmly follow the rules of morality. They may feel a role strain, to be a â€Å"good† daughter or wife or to have the right to do a job they wish to do. Status is defined by your social location, and women in general face everyday prejudice because of their gender. Pakistan, being a developing country, has a lower overall status in the world. Pakistani women have many statuses; one being a â€Å"Pakistani†, this however is an achieved or ascribed social position. Meaning it can be attained either by taking birth in the country, or by applying to become a citizen. Being Pakistani is not her only social position, when she’s born; she’s a daughter (ascribed status), when she gets married; she’s a wife (achieved status), and then when she has children she’s a mother (achieved status). The status in terms of just occupying a position; the 3 different statues that the Pakistani women achieve are daughter, wife, and mother. She is not known for anything other than that. Rarely are they known for ‘working women’, or any kind of job positions. The culture looks at them as nothing more, nor are they supposed to have any other status. Status in terms of prestige or honour; for centuries women have been fighting for equality, equal rights, honour, and respect; despite all of that, it is still an ongoing struggle. Pakistani women have an ascribed lower status, this means that women don’t earn or work towards being a lower status; they are given it by birth. Most Pakistani families yearn for a son, so he could handle the family business, but on receiving a daughter, they are ashamed. Hence this starts her being worthless in the eyes of her parents. As she grows older, the neighbours start to look at her that way, and so forth. Eventually the society looks at her that way and therefore, it becomes a norm, or part of an ideology. A Pakistani women’s life particularly in rural areas is a journey of subordination. As a woman is growing up she must listen to her father who decides whether she obtains education and who she would marry. After marriage her husband and in-laws are the decision makers on her behalf, who mainly decide how many children she would have and whether she is allowed to work outside the household. In a woman’s senior years her sons decide the fate for the rest of her remaining life. This is the norm in Pakistan; the behavioral expectations of women are to listen to the males that dominate their lives. Furthermore the entire society acts as an oppressor imposing stereotypical roles upon them. As such, daughter, wife, mother: in all three of these roles, the woman is expected to be sexually ‘pure’, that is, not to commit any acts of adultery. In all three, she must protect her family’s honor by learning conventional general labor skills, exquisite manners, and modest dressing. Women are part of a loop: this loop starts from being a daughter, being a wife, and finally a mother; it ends in the mother giving birth to another daughter who must now follow her mother’s footsteps and live a life reminiscent to that of her mother. This social structure reflects the roles of women in a shocking new light, a light that barely, if not at all, reaches the west. The daughter’s role: starts when she is born into the family. Her role in her family is to clean the house, take care of the chorus alongside her mother, serve food, and if she’s lucky, go to school in a very unhygienic, little populated school. She is to get married at a very early age and this often results in her not finishing her education. Her father decides whom she should marry; this is a process with both cultural and religious significance. According to Islam, it is already written to whom you will marry. By the father being the person who decides, that gives him the â€Å"higher authority† or â€Å"higher status† as the daughter must be handed over by a wali (the present caretaker, either her oldest brother or father). The role of the wife: in most sense the role of the wife is very similar to that of the daughter; she is supposed to keep the honour of the husband by keeping quiet, following his lead, and implicitly being a slave. The role of mother: this is when the daughter learns to take all the cultural guidelines and the norms and apply it on her children. Thus the cycle starts all over again. In order for this cycle to break the women need to view their roles in perceptive of the bigger picture. They need to realize that they have voices and that they can change their faith. Though this does not mean going against their religion, but to fight for their rights in a politically corrupted governing system. Acquiring academic and career planning resources is definitely a constructive and logical start to absolving them from this loop. Conversely, the political and cultural infrastructure most definitely tries to thwart these efforts. The implications of these cultural requirements and lack of education for women’s economic activities are catastrophic. The female labour force participation is known to be the second lowest for Pakistan in the world (Jehan, 2000). Their high contribution in agriculture and the informal sector of work tends to go unrecorded by the statistics. However, in the poorest regions, some opportunities occur for women to work outside areas for domestic services such as sweepers, construction workers, and hired labourers. Women are also restricted to several industries such as textiles, food and beverages and pharmaceuticals. This norm guides the social behavior of Pakistani women, where they cannot acquire high paid jobs and limits women to jobs that are lowest paid and require less mobility. These gender-defined roles vary from the geographical region in which they reside, where some areas are stricter. The main concern is the lack of education among the rural areas limiting their working capabilities. The total number of females with less than primary education is 18% (Ibraz, 1993). The situation is better in urban areas where women have overcome some of the traditional restrictions due to educational facilities. Another factor that restricts Pakistani females from acquiring higher level of education is the traditional rule of marrying them at an early age. The average age of marriage is stated at 17 years for females (Ibraz, 1993). After marriage the beliefs of the husband interfere; resulting in his social behavior of making his wife take care of the household and his family rather than continuing with further education or working outside the household. Cultural ideas such as protecting the family’s honor result in women barely communicating with men outside th eir family. If any communication is necessary, they adjust their religious headgear to make sure that proper protocol is followed and communicate only with minimal eye contact and enthusiasm. Another cultural idea such as honor killings also encourages males to warn females of the consequences of not following the norms and of course, encourage them even more to carry out an execution if the woman is in fact found guilty. Also, in rural areas, a common cultural idea is that education encourages women to rebel against their respective families. This furthermore advocates the practice of not wasting money sending girls to school. Social identity: women who are brave and resourceful enough to leave their families are marked as ‘heathen’ or ‘witchy’. Other females in the neighbourhood are forbidden to socialize with them. Therefore, a common tool to dominate women who do rebel is to take away all social identity from them or in worse cases, demeaning their social identity through media propagandas and common word of mouth. This is a very potent technique; it makes other women (who are in sync with ‘norms’ ) disrespect and look down on those that actually stood up to the discriminating societal structure. The male dominating ideology, therefore, persists. The health indicators of Pakistani women are among the worst in the world. Pakistan is known to be one of the few countries where the life expectancy of males exceeds the females. One in every 38 women die due to pregnancy related complications (Annual Report, 2009). The health of the Pakistani women was never considered a priority because woman as a gender are not culturally, traditionally, or religiously given equal status in the society. The health system relies on this gender inequality and is hesitant to adopt policies to help improve women’s health. Lack of awareness among the female population allows them to accept the mistreatment from the system. They are more likely to approach different methods of treatments themselves. More than 80% women are delivered at home in the presence of unskilled birth attendants (Annual Report, 2009). Social and domestic control over women’s sexuality, their economic dependence on men, and restrictions on their mobility establish the health services provided to males and females. Furthermore, honour killings, rape, and illegal trafficking of women are prevalent across much of the country. Women in Pakistan are seen as a representative of the men’s honour to whom they belong; they are responsible for guarding their virginity and chastity. If a woman is superficially having an illicit sexual relationship, she degrades the family honor and looses the right to life (Amnesty International, 1999). In response the man publicly reveals his power to safeguard his honour by killing the women that have damaged it, these acts are done openly. Brutal punishments are reported for bringing food late, for answering back, and even for undertaking forbidden family visits. Extreme measures such as honour killings take place for several matters. Conveying the desire to choose a spouse and marrying a partner of their own choice is an act of disobedience since most marriages are supposed to be arranged by fathers. Divorce is seen as a public rebelliousness and women must be punished for restoring male honour. Rape among the Pakistani women is seen as a highly shameful event and thus rape victims are also executed. The Government of Pakistan has failed to take any measures against the honour killings (Amnesty International, 1999). The political institution is flawed; the law and government that are supposed to protect their people from harm’s way; institutionalized corruption. To give women a lower status and view them as unequal is prejudice. It is institutionalized for a Pakistani woman to follow the authority of the man, since he is superior to. It is a practice to look down upon women in Pakistan as it became a norm. An example of such injustice is a story of rape victim named Shazia Khalid. She was a medical doctor, who got married and was offered a job by a government run facility. Her husband worked outside the country, she was staying at the facility that was secured by the members of the military. She was repeatedly raped overnight and then silenced by the military as they would not allow the police to investigate. To avoid embarrassment of the military, General Musharraf, the president of Pakistan, declared the rapist innocent. They further attacked Shazia by suggesting she was a prostitute. At this point Shazia attempted suicide but thankfully was saved by her child’s request. Her story increased media’s attention and further humiliated the president of the country, her family was asked to leave the country by the order of the government. They decided to immigrate to Canada but because immediate actions were required they were told to reside in England where they will be further assisted by the government to move to Canada. When landing at England they were abandoned by the government and are living on welfare waiting from their admission to Canada (McKenna, 2006). Egocentrism plays a big role in the hearts of Pakistani men. Their pride and honor has a prestige status; meaning its worth more whereas a woman’s life is worthless. They created this norm shared by the society. In deciding not to follow the norm results in negative sanctions. Due to the institutionalized corruption many Pakistani women have taken a toll to fight for their rights. Diverse groups including the Womens Action Forum, the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association, the All-Pakistan Womens Association and the Business and Professional Womens Association, are supporting projects throughout the country that focus on empowering women. They have been involved in such activities as instituting legal aid for indigent women, opposing the gendered segregation of universities, and publicizing and condemning the growing incidents of violence against women. ( Group, strict)The progressive women’s association (PWA) and the all Pakistan women’s association (APWA) is comprised of educated individuals; an example of their political struggle is the attempt to change the hadood ordinances law in Pakistan regarding rape. They are quite effective as they are setting the milestone for women standing up for their rights in the country. Conclusion In light of arguments presented in the paper, the low status of Pakistani women can be attributed to lack of education and cultural values. The consequences are very negative: inequality in the workforce, poor health, and marriage at young age with high fertility and childbearing mortality. Pakistani women lagging behind in education are not aware of their legal rights and are forced to focus on obligations of family life. Although this paper is geared mainly towards the women in rural areas of Pakistan, the cultural and traditional aspect of life imposed on women still persists in middle and higher classes, merely less strict. Hence, there is definitely a big gap between the loose group of women and the strict group of women. Consequently, a solution to the issue can also be portrayed as bridging the gap between these two respective groups. Assistance from the global community will be required to educate different populations to invoke change. Resources APA style Annual Report. (2009). Health of women in Pakistan. Society of Obstetricians Gynaecologists of Pakistan. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC). Amnesty International. (1999). Pakistan, Honour Killings of Girls and Women. Country Briefing Paper, Women in Pakistan. (2000). Situation Analysis of Women in Pakistan: An overview Ibraz, Tassawar S. Fatima, Anjum. (1993). Uneducated and Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review. 32:4 Part II, pp. 905-915 Jehan, Qamar. (2000). Role of Women in Economic Development of Pakistan. University Of Balochistn. McKenna, Terence. (Feb-Mar 2006). In Dept Pakistan: Pakistan, Land, Gold, Women. CBC news. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/pakistan/mckenna_pakistan.html Munir, Shafqat. (2001). Institutionalized Exploitation of Women as Negative Impact of Globalization. Journalists for Democracy and Human Rights† (JDHR) Pakistan.

My Reasons for Joining the Marine Corps Essay -- Personal Essays

Most or all of my reasons for joining the Marines are as follows. Ideal- The Marines Embody more of my personal views and ideals then the other branches of the armed services. Loyalty, I respect and love the idea of loyalty to a person or persons...or a cause. To be totally loyal to something without question but to also love and honor that something, that idea is something I long for and adore. Which leads me to Honor as well. I have, since I discovered it in middle school I believe, always respected the idea of Honor. It means a lot to me. Its ideal a person can build and guide their beliefs on as well as their standards. Honor Goes hand and hand with Loyatly. To be loyal to a cause greater then my own is one reason that drove me to the Marines. Working to pay the next bill day in and day out is not what I want. My drive so far has been merely to survive and get the next fix(video games, sports, music, etc) HONOR: Taking a stand for something you believe in, fighting for those you love, so that they dont have to. Sacrificing many things so that your loved ones dont have to. Fighting till the end, when you think there is nothing left and then finding the courage to and inner strength to keep going. Making in impact no matter the odds against you. Faith in those around you and your beliefs. Mastering your fears, for fear is a weakness. Knowing your emotions, they can be a fond ally or black hole. Being prepared for a fight is one thing, looking for it is another. Self-awarness, not self-centered. Know yourself but do not become enthralled with it. Discipline. Self-control, physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional. Confidence, In yourself and to lead those that would follow. (this is what I believe Honor is) Honor, ... ...tiring out of there. I plan on getting officer training at some point. I will do college when I have at least put 2-3 years into the Infantry. Then I will also change my MOS to learn some Technical Skills, repairing vehicles, stuff like that, for a just in case scenario. Something I can fall back on in case my plans after The Marines doesn't fall through. I plan on joining the CIA or FBI.(if CIA doesn't fall through) Definatly Counter-Terrorist stuff. Active things, not a desk job. To do this I will need several years of College. Thats why I plan on being in the Marines a long time. Because I have a lot to prepare for. A lot of people have said I cannot that decision just yet, about being in there a long time and all. I say I can. I have made my decisions and plans. But I guess I'll see how everything works out. Until then that is where I will keep my believing.

Doctor of Philosophy Essay

Rich are not relevant to a general audience: â€Å"From the time I was small, I have been very active in defending our environment,† â€Å"From the first time I saw environmental protestors, I realized that they were all crazy. † Note that some of these topics could be converted into theses that would be arguable to a general audience if they were de-personalized and established as arguable issues. Also keep in mind that personal examples may play a significant supporting role in your essay–but not in the thesis or topic sentences. †¢ A thesis should be very clearly written in precise, familiar terms, avoiding language that is overly vague, broad, specialized, or technical. You can assume that your general audience consists of well-informed, intelligent adults with good, general vocabularies, but you cannot assume they are specialists in a particular subject–at least not in English 1A. Example of a vague and overly broad thesis: â€Å"In some cultures, aspects of the environment may play a role in life’s spiritual and metaphysical dimension. †Example of a thesis that is too specialized for a general reader: â€Å"The image of the child in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific, historical, and literary narratives is often representing or figuring interiority, growth, historicity, and development. † (This thesis may be quite clear to advanced scholars of literature or history, but a general audience would probably find it too obscure. ) †¢ A thesis may reliably forecast the organization of the essay, letting the reader know what main supporting points will be covered and in what order. This forecast is sometimes called a plan of development (POD) or a blueprint. A POD is often a good idea, but it is not an obligatory part of the thesis in English 1A; you may present it in the sentence following the thesis, or you may skip it altogether Example of POD in thesis: Skateboarding should be limited to special parks because it poses a nuisance to pedestrians, leads to serious injuries, and causes thousands of dollars’ worth of damage to public and private property. Example of POD following thesis: Skateboarding is not just a harmless recreation and should, in fact, be limited to special parks. As it now stands, the sport poses a nuisance to pedestrians, leads to serious injuries, and causes thousands of dollars’ worth of damage to public and private property. The following thesis rules also apply to your essays in English 1A, but keep in mind that as your academic writing becomes increasingly skilled and sophisticated, you may outgrow these restrictions. And they may not apply to the essays you write in other courses (check with your instructors). †¢ Limit your thesis statement to one sentence. †¢ Do NOT frame your thesis as a question–it should be a declarative statement. †¢ Do NOT rely on an implied thesis. We will encounter some implied theses in our readings, but your essays must have an explicit thesis statement. †¢ The thesis must appear in the essay’s first paragraph (the introduction) at the end of the paragraph. †¢ Underline your thesis in English 1A to make it easier for me (and for you! ) to identify it.

Look again at the end of the Crucible Essay

He tells the others who are to hang to show no fear. â€Å"Proctor: Give them no tears! Tears pleasure them! Show a stony heart and sink them with it! The audience are aware that Abigail and proctor had an affair but when John tells Abigail that he does not wish to see her again she tries to get her own back by accusing Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft. She does this also to try and get proctor on his own so then they will dance on Elizabeth’s grave. Her plans back fires when John admits to the court that they had an affair. â€Å"Proctor: Mark her! Now she’ll suck a scream to stab me with, but- Danforth: You will prove this! This will not pass! Proctor: I have known her. † â€Å"Proctor: She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave! † Through this part in the court Abigail shows that she has authority in the town by shouting at the head of the court to try and change his mind, he replies by saying that he trust her over proctor. â€Å"Abigail: I have been hurt, Mr Danforth; I have seen my blood runnin’ out! I have been near to murdered every day because I’ve done my duty pointing out the devils people and this is my reward! To be mistrusted, Denied, Questioned like a- Danforth: Child I do not mistrust you-. † This causes tension, as you do not know what will happen to either Proctor or Abigail when the truth is found out. There is a conflict, which gets stronger as you go through the book. This conflict is between Hale and the court. When the court is made hale is for it and recons it is a good idea. The conflict starts when he is at the Proctors house and he hears of Rebecca Nurse’s arrest. â€Å"Hale: Believe me Mr Nurse if Rebecca be tainted, then nothings left to stop the whole green world from burning. † He then questions what the court is doing by searching for a poppet in the Proctors house. He then sides with Proctor again as he asks Parris if â€Å"every Defence is an attack upon the court? † In the very end his completely against the court and is trying to save Proctors life. â€Å"Hale: I have gone this three month like our lord into the wilderness. I have sought a Christian way, for damnation’s doubled on a minister who counsels men to lie. Hathorne: It is no lie, you cannot speak of lies. Hale: It is a lie! They are innocent! † This causes tension as Hale is a trusted figure and you don’t know if he is for or against something and if he will be able to change proctors mind on confessing. Hale tries to prevent the hangings by telling the court what the town is like when so many have died. â€Å"Hale: Excellency, there are orphans wandering from house to house; abandoned cattle bellow on the highroads the stink of rotten crops hangs everywhere, and no man knows when the harlots cry will end his life- and you wonder yet if rebellion’s spoke? Better you should marvel how they do not burn your province! There also many tense parts that are not in the conflicts, such as the part when Abigail is with the other girls in the bedroom and threatens them that if they talk then they will die. â€Å"Abigail: Mark this if either of you breath a word, or edge of a word, about the other things, and I’ll come to you in the in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. † This is tense because you realise that she has the power to kill anyone including her own friends. Also when Hale is questioning Tituba you don’t know how much she is going to say about what happened in the wood. â€Å"Hale: who came to you with the devil? Two? Three? Four? How many? Tituba: There was four. There was four. † This causes tension because it is fast paced which adds a bit of excitement as well. Arthur miller uses the conflicts between different characters or a group of characters to cause dramatic tension extremely well, as he gives whole scenes to get to know the characters and then brings them together in the last scene. The reason why this helps cause dramatic tension is because as we know the characters, we expect them to do something but they end up going against it, like in the court when we expect Elizabeth to tell the truth, she tells a lie to save her husband, but ends up getting him killed. I think that this also helps to make the ending a lot more satisfactory, by ending many lives of characters we know and have heard express there feelings. He also resolves the main conflict between Elizabeth and Johns marriage, which was dramatised in act two, so every thing turned out well, and if John had stayed alive many more people would have probably died as a result of revenge, anger, the want of power and jealousy. It was good to be told what happened after the book ended because I was wondering what had happened to Abigail and if Elizabeth was hung after the baby had been born, which had kept her from being hung for a year, was born. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values The WritePass Journal

Reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values Abstract: Reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values Abstract:IntroductionReferenceRelated Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values.   Also to discuss in detail in term of culture, motivation and strategy. Introduction Management has become very difficult in the organisation as the organisation tries its best to fit in the competitive market and defend its position.   Good appearance, reputation and the work of the organisation depend on its management performing different function.   The main function of management in an organisation is planning, organizing, leading and controlling describe by Annon(2009) Planning is important in an organisation as it provide the design of desired future position and the means of bringing about future position in order to accomplish its organization objectives.   For example thinking before doing the task in order to solve problems. Organizing is important in an organization as it help to organize all resources   before in hand to put in practise.   Leading is another important function of management this involve manager to control and supervise the actions of the staff.   This help manger to support the staff in achieving their organisation goals and also completing their own goals can be powered by motivation, communication and department leadership.   Controlling is the follow up process of examining performance and taking corrective action as required. Management focus on the organisation goals of short and long term.   Management is the managerial process of forming strategic vision, objective, setting strategy goal and then implementing and executing the strategy. The next part of this essay section will discuss Strategy, what are strategy and how it is delivered and why.     Motivation, what is motivation and element of motivation.   Culture, what is culture and what culture exist in organisation and market.   And finally the essay will reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values. Scholes and Johnson (2008:10) describe ‘Strategy is the direction and scope of the organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment, through its configuration of its resources and competences, with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations’.   This indicate strategy about where is the business heading in long term direction.   Which business is compete so the market can compete.   And how can the business perform better in the markets.   Which resources are needed to compete?   For example, resources are skills, finance and assets etc.   Three levels of strategy exist in the organisation and they are called Corporate Strategy, Business unit Strategy and Operational Strategy.   Corporate strategy is when its purpose and scope of the business meet stakeholder expectations.   This is important because it’s influenced by investor in the business.   Business Unit strategy is how a business can be successful in p articular market.   This involves is making decision, about the product, needs of customers and create new opportunity.   Finally Operational strategy is how each level of business is organised in order to deliver the corporate and business unit level strategic direction. Strategies are managed by taking strategic decision.   Strategic management process involves three main components they are called Strategic Analysis, Strategic Choice and Strategic implementation (see appendix 5). The first one components strategic analysis is analysing the strength of the businesses’ position and considering the external factors which may influence the position.   The process of strategic analysis is assessed by a number of tools, there are Pest Analysis which is a techniques use for understanding the environment in how a business operate.   Scenario planning is a technique which builds plausible view of future business.   Five Forces analysis is a techniques in identifying the five forces which has been affected the level of competition in the market.     Market segmentation is a technique which used to identify differences and similarities between users or customers.   Direction policy matrix is another technique which used to summarise the competitive strength in business. Competitor Analysis is analyzing the business overall competitive position.   Critical success factor analysis is used to identify the areas of which business need to outperform the competition, to be successful.   Swot analysis is used to summarising the key issues in business in internal position and external position. The second components strategic management is strategic choice this involve understanding the nature of stakeholder opportunity, by identify the strategic option. The third component is strategy implementation this is used when a strategy is analysed and selected the task and then used into organisation action. Motivation processes in a work place set the tone of the organisation goals.   In the organisation it plays an important role towards on its individual person and job performance, job satisfaction, productivity and leadership.   In general in the work place it is not solely responsible for the motivation of the individual but the leadership within the organisation face the challenges of understanding the motivation processes.   The challenge is not just the understanding of the different motivation process or theories, however in order to improve the motivation process of each individual in the organization. The important part is to understand how motivation works on its person itself.   For example in order for manger to communicate with their employee, they need to identify with their needs on an individual basis (Gawel 1997) (see appendix 1).   This is statement is very alike to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (see appendix 2), which states five basic needs that must be met in order to achieve full motivation.   These needs, in ascending order, are as follows: physiological, security, love and belongingness, esteem and self-respect, and self-actualization (Gawel, 1997).     Each of these needs details a very important issue in motivation inside the home environment and outside. Maslow’s first need of physiological sufficiency is very basic.   This issue simply asks if the person is comfortable in their environment.      That is, are they hungry, too cold, too hot? If a person’s physical environment does not match appropriately with the person’s need, he or she will not be motivated to learn or to achieve any specific goals.   Similarly, if the person does not feel safe (via the second need, security), they will not focus on working or do anything that they want.   If a person feels threatened by another member of staff or family person, he or she will not be able to progress as well as the person want to.   In order to avoid feeling of danger, a manager or a family person should show protection and love which is the third hierarchal need, as Maslow mentioned.   For example a person in the workplace must feel safe and invited in the organisation for the person to achieve organisational goals. In Maslow’s fourth need, esteem, for example a manger must be careful not to criticism too much and not to praise a lot.   The person need to feels as they deserve praise in order for them to assimilate hard work with praise, and criticism, even when applied correctly, can damage person’ feelings.   For example, In order to avoid this, the manager must use appropriate criticism and praise with suitable language.   To achieve any of the previous four needs may not be motivated to continue in the home environment or in the organisation environment setting because of the connotations of frustration and distrust. Culture is describe by Kunda (1992:8) as ‘’ within an organisational setting culture is generally viewed as the shared rule governing cognitive and effective aspects of membership in an organisation and the means whereby they are shared and expressed’’.   The two schools of thought of organisational culture are managerial and social science perspective.   For example the managerial believe that culture is promoted and influenced by management team or leader in order to produce one performance to improve culture.   The social science perspective, that believe culture as an ambiguous product of the shared experience between the individual, mainly developed in an ad hoc fashion resulting in fragmented micro culture elements within the organisation. The managerial views is that Edgar Schein, who describe organisational culture as â€Å"both a dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our interactions with others and shaped by leadership behaviour, and a set of structures, routines, rules, and norms that guide and constrain behaviour†.   (Schein, 2004:1). â€Å"In the managerial literature there is often the implication that having a culture is necessary for effective performance, and that the stronger the culture, the more effective the organization’ (Schein, 2004:7).   Therefore understanding of organisational cultures the higher the potential for the organizational achievement.   If agreeing on the managerial perspective, then organisational culture is used as a tool for supporting the values of the employees with objective and values of the company.   This help to increase motivation, productivity and excellence.   Many companies see culture as a strategy for unique themselves from other company.   For example when separating when recruiting to win business other organization believe the culture provide ‘the shared rules governing cognitive and affective aspects of membership in an organisation, and the means whereby they are shaped and expressed (Kunda, 1992: 8).   For example culture provide a way for i ndividual to derive meaning from their environment which has affect on behaviour.   Culture is important as ‘the glue holding the organisation together’ (Avlesson 2002: 7). Organisation culture consist three part which are called Artefacts, values and basic Assumption which are describe by Schiens (1985) (see appendix 4).   Artefacts take on the symbolic meaning of organisation values.   Values form another part of organisation culture.   When a company faces a disaster, the leader of the organisational must formulate a plan to avoid all danger faced.   As the company become successful obtaining the plan it then become a shared values of the company.   As the disaster happen again in future, the company will reuse this plan or achievement to avoid failure.   Once success the values become an underlying assumption of the company or organisation.   These assumptions form the basic core of all organisation culture.   These are difficult to understand because they are rarely articulated.   To determine the assumption of organisation one must be immersed in the culture and its organisation.   Underlying assumption marked through the views , emotions and behaviour of the member of the company.   For example if an idea is in position and is not obey the rule to the underlying assumptions of an organisation then the whole idea has failed or rejected. There are different types of organizational culture that exist and they are called Power culture, Role culture, Achievement Culture and Support Culture describe by Martin (2006).  Ã‚   Power culture is power in a charismatic leader.   The person leader act positively and creativities, and its best intention for the organisation.   A lot of demands from the organisation staffs.   Motivation is a not a problem because the expectation are reliability is recognised and rewarded.   Power culture can produce inefficient organisation, for example a task to be done need to be approval by everyone.   Role culture is where clear objective, goals and procedure exist.   The organisation staff is assess on how the person meet these objective and goals.   An achievement culture is when the employee work hard in order to achieve goals.   This generally consists of highly motivated people and do not need any supervise.   Support culture is small number of employee who support and trust each other.   This way everyone will co operates and make sure that everyone is working together on the idea or task and ensure there is no conflict. Power is defined by Alvesson and   Deetz, (2000:125:26) â€Å"†¦Ã ° quÐ µstÃ'â€"on of who gÐ µts thÐ µÃ'â€"r wÐ °y, how oftÐ µn thÐ µy gÐ µt thÐ µÃ'â€"r wÐ °y Ð °nd ovÐ µr whÐ °t Ã'â€"ssuÐ µs thÐ µy gÐ µt thÐ µÃ'â€"r wÐ °y†.   Therefore power can only be worked through use of power resources.   Power resources described by Jackson and Carter (2000:625) are those things which bestow the means through which the behaviour of others may be influenced and modified.   Scott (1997:121:36) points, that these resources can be available through either personal possession or through an organisational position allowing access to them, and thus the way in which power can be utilized can also be either personal or professional. The relationship between power and authority in an organisation, is important that power can be seen to to bÐ µ Ð µxÐ µrcÃ'â€"sÐ µd Ã'â€"n whÐ °t Ð °rÐ µ rÐ µgÐ °rdÐ µd Ð °s lÐ µgÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"mÐ °tÐ µ wÐ °ys, but thÐ µ wÐ °ys Ã'â€"n whÃ'â€"ch thÃ'â€"s lÐ µgÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"mÐ °cy cÐ °n bÐ µ mÐ °xÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"zÐ µd Ã'â€"s the subjÐ µct of somÐ µ dÐ µbÐ °tÐ µ.   As MÃ'â€"ntzbÐ µrg, AhlstrÐ °nd and LÐ °mpÐ µl ( 1998:123:33) discussed, the relationship between the power and authority â€Å"   While power cÐ °n bÐ µ dÐ µfÃ'â€"nÐ µd Ð °s thÐ µ Ð °bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"ty to Ã'â€"nfluÐ µncÐ µ thÐ µ bÐ µhÐ °vÃ'â€"or of othÐ µrs, Ð °uthorÃ'â€"ty cÐ °n bÐ µ undÐ µrstood Ð °s thÐ µ rÃ'â€"ght to do so†.   Weber (1978), a German sociologist and political economist, fÐ °mously outlÃ'â€"nÐ µd thrÐ µÃ µ kÃ'â€"nds of Ð °dmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"strÐ °tÃ'â€"on: customÐ °ry Ð °uthorÃ'â€"ty, chÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c Ð °dmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"strÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð °nd rÐ °t Ã'â€"onÐ °l-lÐ µgÐ °l Ð °uthorÃ'â€"ty.   TrÐ °dÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"onÐ °l Ð °uthorÃ'â€"ty Ã'â€"s bÐ °sÐ µd upon rÐ µspÐ µct for long Ð µstÐ °blÃ'â€"shÐ µd customs Ð °nd trÐ °dÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ons, Ð °nd doÐ µs not Ð °pply, to nowaday orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"ons. SÐ µcondly, chÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c Ð °uthorÃ'â€"ty dÐ µpÐ µnds upon thÐ µ powÐ µr of Ð °n Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"duÐ °ls chÐ °rÐ °ctÐ µr Ð °nd hÃ'â€"s or hÐ µr chÐ °rÃ'â€"smÐ °tÃ'â€"c or lÐ µÃ °dÐ µrshÃ'â€"p quÐ °lÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µs.   ThÃ'â€"rdly, lÐ °wful rÐ µÃ °sonÐ °blÐ µ Ð °dmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"strÐ °tÃ'â€"on opÐ µrÐ °tÐ µs through prÐ µscrÃ'â€"bÐ µd Ð °nd clÐ µÃ °rly dÐ µfÃ'â€"nÐ µd rulÐ µs, Ð °nd hÐ °s Ð °s Ã'â€"ts bÐ °sÃ'â€"s Ð ° Ð µstÐ µÃ µm for Ð ° rulÐ µ of lÐ °w.   ThÃ'â€"s indicate   thÐ °t thosÐ µ who workout powÐ µr do so wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n Ð ° structurÐ µ of offÃ'â€"cÐ µ thÐ °t hÐ °s clearly strict rulÐ µs.   In Ð µÃ °ch of thÐ µsÐ µ sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'†"ons, Max WÐ µbÐ µr plÐ °cÐ µs forwÐ °rd thÐ µ vÃ'â€"Ð µw thÐ °t Ð °dmÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"strÐ °tÃ'â€"on Ã'â€"s lÐ µgÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"mÐ °tÐ µ, Ã'â€"f Ã'â€"t Ã'â€"s rÐ µgÐ °rdÐ µd by thosÐ µ subjÐ µct to Ã'â€"t, Ð °s bÐ µÃ'â€"ng so.   (JÐ °ckson and CÐ °rtÐ µr, (2000: 598:625)). Another study on power is discussed by Beetham (1991) who has attempted to develop this alternative concept of legitimacy around the exercise of power.   Beetham (1991) define legitimacy, as Weber stated, as nothing more than a belief in legitimacy is to ignore some key issues.   Beetham (1991:19), proposed that simply because people believe in legitimacy of power does not mean that this power was acquired or exercised in a legitimate fashion.   Therefore he stated that â€Å"those power to be fully legitimate, then three conditions are required, its conformity to express consent of the subordinate to the specific relations of power † (   Beetham (1991:19)).   This indicated that the workout of legitimate authority force powerfully on the developement of trust in the organsiations.   Seond condition is which authority is excerised in a transparent and legitimate manner, this mean the development of trust by agreed to rule. Thrid condition is adjusting the rule by r eferences to shared belief, this indicated that shared belief need to focus on development of trust , organisation in order to improve working relationship of the employee. The relations between trust in the organisation, is to understand the relationship between beliefs and the creation of information able to undertake.   Knowledge management practitioners have recognised the development of trust in the organisational environment as being â€Å"key† to the success of development of a knowledge sharing culture.   The word beliefs is regarded as an essential condition in the organisation of the work practices and the effective use of resources.   As Scott (1997:121:36) argued that the cornerstome for any effective collaborative work practices is the development of high trust relationships between related parties and only in this way can the exchange of knowledge be really effective.   This indicates creating trust in the organisational environment is a key aspect of effective knowledge management practice.   In future if authority in an organisation is exercised in a legitimate fashion, then trust is more likely to follow.   If trust e xists then power resources will be used for future goals than individual goals, and as knowledge is a power resource, exercise knowledge flows will therefore be greatly improved and benefit to the organisation. The relationship between the exercise of legitimate authority and the development of trust in the organisational environment, is about creating trust and also creating trustworthiness.   Hardin (2002:30), proposes that: CrÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"nstÃ'â€"tutÃ'â€"ons thÐ °t hÐ µlp sÐ µcurÐ µ, trustworthÃ'â€"nÐ µss thus helps to support or induce trust.   This indicated that creating organisations, trust and trustworthiness is as important as if none of is used then there is no point creating organisation.   Beetham (1991) outline three points of development of trust that is creating organisations in which authority is exercised in a transparent and legitimate manner.   This indicated to relate the development of trust by agreeing to established rules, secondly adjusting the rules by reference to shared beliefs, this indicated that shared beliefs should be focus on development of trust, in working relationship in an organisation.   Lastly consent of the subordinate to the p articular relations of power.   This suggest that when an employee agreed to work for the company in return for a pay and benefits package. One of the important issues is reputation of the organisation which is another resource.   Every organisation struggles for having an excellent reputation and be second to none in the market.   For example an organisation having a good reputation as a reliable partner and manufacture of quality product will likely to have more customers and the company, than having low reputation even if its production is as qualitative.   Therefore evaluating the performance criteria of the company and speaking about the work its management, overall show that the reputation of the organisation is a very significant way. The purpose of this essay is to reflect how power is exercised in organisation in relation to moral values.   Also to discuss in detail in term of culture, motivation and strategy. Reference Books Alvesson M. and Deetz S. (2000) Doing Critical Management Research. London: Sage. Beetham D, (1991) The legitimation of power. London: Macmillan Education. Hardin, R. (2002), Trust and Trustworthiness, New York,Russell Sage Foundation. Kunda, G. (1992) Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in a High-Tech Corporation, Temple University Press Jackson N. and Carter P. (2000) Rethinking Organizational Behaviour. London: Prentice Hall. Martin, J. (2006) That’s the Way We Do Things Around Here†.   An Overview of Organizational Culture.   Available on   www.southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/content/v07n01/martin_m01.htm. [Accessed on 13 April 2011] Mintzberg H., Ahlstrand B. and Lampel J. (1998) Strategy Safari. London: Prentice Hall. Schein, E. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Scott J. (1997) Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Weber, M. (1978), in Roth G, Wittich C, (Eds),Economy and Society, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, Vol. 1/2.

When Not To Use the Personal A of Spanish

When Not To Use the Personal A of Spanish The general rule is that the personal a of Spanish is used before a direct object when that object is a person or an animal or thing that has been personified. However, there are exceptions. The personal a is either optional or not used when the direct object is a nonspecific person, when following the verb tener, or to avoid awkwardness when two as would be close to each other in a sentence. Omitting the Personal A When the Person Isn’t Specific Perhaps the best way to state the biggest exception to the rule is to clarify the rule. Rather than saying that the personal a is used before people, it would best to say that the personal a is used only with specific, known, or identified human beings (or animals or things that have been personified). In other words, if the person is treated as a member of a category rather than as a known person, the personal a isnt needed. Here are some examples of the difference: Busco a mi novio. (I am looking for my boyfriend. Here, the boyfriend is a specific, known person, even though his name isnt given.)Busco un novio. (I am looking for a boyfriend. Here the boyfriend is merely someone who is a member of a category. We do not know who the person is, or even if he exists.)No conozco a tu bisabuela. (I dont know your grandmother. We have the persons identify even if her name isnt given.)No conozco una sola bisabuela. (I dont know a single great-grandmother. As in the case of the boyfriend above, the person is talking about a hypothetical person rather than an identified one.)Necesito una secretario. (I need a secretary. The speaker needs assistance, but not necessarily from a specific person.)Necesito a la secretario. (I need the secretary. The speaker needs a specific person.) As a result, some sentences can have a slightly different meaning, depending on whether the a is used. For example, we might say El FBI busca a un hombre de 40 aà ±os, meaning that the FBI is looking for a specific 40-year old man, perhaps the one who committed a crime. If we say El FBI busca un hombre de 40 aà ±os, it suggests the FBI is looking for a 40-year-old man in general, perhaps for a criminal lineup or for some other purpose where it doesnt particularly matter which 40-year-old man it finds. The main exception to this clarified rule is that certain pronouns, such as alguien (someone) and nadie (no one), always require the personal a when used as direct objects, even when they refer to no specific person. Example: No conozco a nadie.  (I dont know anybody.) Dropping the Personal A After Tener When tener is used to indicate have in the sense of having a close relationship, the personal a is not used even if the direct object is known. Tenemos tres hijos. (We have three sons.)La compaà ±ia tiene muchos empleados. (The company has many employees.)Ya tengo mà ©dico de atencià ³n primaria. (I already have a primary-care doctor.) When tener is used to mean have someone in a role, however, the personal a is retained: Tengo a mi hermana como amiga de Facebook. (I have my sister as a Facebook friend.) Avoiding Two As in a Sentence Sometimes a sentence following the general rule would have two as, especially when a verb is followed by direct object and then an indirect object. In such cases, the personal a before the direct object is omitted. The listener will then understand that the object without a preceding a is the direct object. In this way, such sentences often mimic the word order in English. Mandà © mi hijo a su profesor. (I sent my son to his teacher. Note the lack of a before hijo.)El bombero llevà ³ Pablo a mi madre. (The firefighter carried Pablo to my mother.) Key Takeaways Although Spanish uses a personal a when a person is a direct object, the personal a is not used unless the person is a known person rather than someone who merely fits a category.An exception is that the personal a is required with nadie and alguien.The personal a is often not used following the verb tener, even if the object is a known person.

Letting fear fuel you taking risks for great rewards

Letting fear fuel you taking risks for great rewards Terry Barclay, CEO of Inforum–one of the leading professional women’s associations in the country, shares some deceivingly simple advice about taking risks. If you’re dissatisfied with your position and your place, there’s no sense in letting a fear of failure stop you from pursuing new opportunities. [Source: Daily Fuel]

Authentic Assessment vs. Standardized Testing Research Paper

Authentic Assessment vs. Standardized Testing - Research Paper Example Such simulations can aid the students to process new information by connecting it to prior knowledge of the subject. When instruction is adapted to conform to the theory of multiple intelligences, it naturally follows that assessment should be similarly adapted. However, in most schools, the assessment practices to gauge student progress rely mainly on standardized testing methods that are often inauthentic, and which only reveal whether the student can recognize and recall what has been told to him/her by way of the lesson. Thus, high scores on standardized tests are a measure of how well a student can take the test and not his/her actual working knowledge. Besides, the standardized tests which comprise of multiple choice, fill in the blank, and true/false questions do not actually promote learning as they only evaluate what the student knows at that particular point in time. The standardized tests cannot identify students in need of intervention or help formulate appropriate instru ctional strategies. This form of assessment of student performance, in fact, controls learning. The test scores lead the students to believe that right answers are more important than analysis and approach. About standardized testing methods, Meier (2002) states clearly that, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.standardized tests are utterly counterproductive for the educational purpose of seeing what kids have learned in school so as to improve education for all† (p.105). Also, according to Meir, standardized tests do not represent the sole evidence of a student’s intellectual growth. Standardized tests follow pre-set criteria that stipulate how, where and by whom the test is to be administered and scored, who else besides the teacher and the student can be present, the way questions are asked, and what responses are acceptable. That is, such a testing controls all the elements involved in the assessment process except the child's responses. Standardized test results are repo rted using standard scores. Gardner (1993) is of the opinion that the most widely used standardized tests of intelligence (e.g., The Wechsler scales and the Stanford-Binet) measure only linguistic and logical/mathematical intelligences whereas the purpose of assessment should be to obtain information about the skills and potentials of individuals. A multidimensional assessment of students based on a broader concept of intelligence, ability, and learning would be more in line with the theory of multiple intelligences. Authentic assessment, also called performance assessment, portfolio assessment, curriculum-embedded instruction, or integrated education is, according to Miesels et al. (2003), â€Å"......an instructional-driven measurement in which students’ actual classroom performance is evaluated in terms of standards-infused criteria†. In this method of assessment, a student is evaluated on a broader concept of intelligence, ability, and learning based on all intelli gences identified by MI including visual, musical, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic abilities in addition to verbal and logical potential. Such an assessment will be formative, providing immediate feedback for learning and teaching,

The Pennine Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pennine Center - Essay Example 1.2 SWOT and PESTEL analysis Political Economical Social Technological Environmental Legal Strength - The environment of Pennine hotel is very friendly which is surrounded by lakes and gardens which attract customers and keep them satisfied. It provides luxuries benefits to society such as leisure centre, swimming pools and sports stadium. Centre has technology with nine screen cinema, stadiums and car parking, effectively managed retail outlets. It has a wide geographic coverage with remarkable locations. - Weaknesses Increase in competition reduces the chances to attract more customers. Profits of company are reducing rapidly and are resulting in low returns due to uncertain economic conditions. It is unable to target large number of people as most of the shops are empty due to lack of resources. It lacks the ability to incorporate new 21st technology and entertainment facilities in the centre The surroundings of the place is creating hurdle for the company such as roads following the centre are quite narrow. There is no system of maintenance of roads. There are environmental regulations in relation to safety of people, but most tourists have suffered from injury in the centre. Opportunities - Market size is large and the growth rate of industry is high in the region. Enter in new markets to further expand the business where there are more tourist seasons. New games are emerging in the market such as world student games. Company should launch such games in its stadium. Can gain more market share by diversifying business in other places. - Threats Likelihood of entrance of new and potent competitors. Due, to recession 19 outlets of company have been closed and there is a threat more outlets will be stopped due to less business in the economy Presently, the demand of exhibitions, conferences and hospitality has increased rapidly and many new tourist canters are emerging in the region. Many new companies have entered in the industry, some of which are providing same facilities to the customers through the retail outlets of Pennine centre. Environment is not friendly; they are subjected to uncertain conditions such as in case of floods and bad weather. Changes in relation to government policies for the safety measures of people. After analyzing the external and internal environment of the company, it is essential to focus on the weak points and proposing a strategy to overcome the situation, developments and to identity the company’s direction and objectives (L Fahey & V. K. Narayman, 1986). An organization is successful only if it has strong management systems and has an ability to be innovative and distinctive. This center is facing problem not only in financial aspect but also lacks management skills in the organization. Economic uncertainties is the factor which cannot be controlled, however one can take preventive measures against it on the basis of effective management. So, the center should imply new strategic goals and object ives which should be made clear among all staff. Thus it means that if management will be efficient than only company will lead to profitability (Hill T. & R. Westbrook, 1997, De Geus, 1998). 1.3 Proposed strategic option In accordance with the present situation of the company it needs to revise the strategy because of changing

Business Management of Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Management of Organization - Assignment Example In order to respond to these challenges, managers are developing new institutional designs, which include multi-firm collaborative networks and self-managing teams (ASTD Press, 2006). Managers have come up with creative ways of thinking and addressing a firm’s management processes and strategies, encompassing new methods of talent management, performance management, ethical leadership, and entrepreneurship. This paper will seek to discuss about business management of an organization by looking into prospects like strengths of a future manager. Strengths as a Future Manager As a manager in the future, one must cultivate strengths that consist of the ability or position to find and capitalize on an employee’s unique characteristics. Generally, great managers revolve one guiding principle, which seeks to understand how to transform an employee’s unique traits or talent into satisfactory performance. This is so because, the way to success follows the ability to chang e unimaginable trait into a realistic action (Drucker, 2012). In addition, for one to become a successful manager in the future, he or she must possess strength of inspiring employees. Inspiration, according to business analysts, is a crucial yet a rare aspect of management. Strong managers are brilliant enough to spot the unique differences that separate certain employees from others and have the capability to lead via example (Cherry, Connor, & Earner-Sparks, 2011). Leading as an example act as an inspiration on the side of employees. Inspiration plays a pragmatic role in achieving the set goals of an organization. The ability to lead is an atypical thing as it is inborn. As such, becoming a strong and successful manager in the future requires distinct optimism and keenness. A strong manager should therefore harness deep-seated belief in his actions (ASTD Press, 2006). Business sociologists claim that one of the biggest fears of a human being is the fear of the future. In modern-d ay leadership, managers traffic in the future. Analysts point out that managers can overcome the fear of the future by building confidence within themselves and passing it in their followers by investing clarity. Future managers should focus on results, customers, teamwork, and advent decision making as well as problem solving (Mukherjee, 2005). Development Areas as a Future Manager Management development describes a structured process in which managers improve their competencies, knowledge, and/or skills through formal and/or informal learning systems with reference to the benefit of the individual and organizational performance. Areas where a future manager should resolve to develop include the field of experience, knowledge, career advancement, and decision-making process. In order to face future challenges as a manager, one should dedicate their time to develop skills and abilities suitable for leading other employees effectively (Cherry, Connor, & Earner-Sparks, 2011). Specific ally, when managers develop skills and abilities necessary for handling future challenges, existing pressures, and given assignments, organizations become successful. This happens because the leading managers have the relevant skills for executing tasks and responsibilities with minimum ease and time. This shows that managers should develop skills an

Analysis of an Historian's Arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of an Historian's Arguement - Essay Example The Rabbinites based a legal and religious system on the Talmud, which is a practice that continues to the modern day. It is the socio-cultural and political relationship between these two sects that Marina Rustow surveys in her in her historical work Heresy and the Politics of Community1. Her scholarship about marriage in particular shows that arranged-type marriages demonstrate a series of strategic maneuvers to accomplish the goals of families, regardless of religious affiliations. In many ways, and through many primary sources, Rustow shows the Jewish marriage practice at the time to be very much a business-like decision, with rights, legal proxies, and contracts2. Rustow’s extensive details of the marriages between members of the two communities demonstrates broad yet through historical scholarship, and will leave a lasting impact on how the historians view the relationship between the Rabbinites and Qaraites. Rustow’s conclusions give us reason to change our perception of the Rabbinites and Qaraites as socially competing or mutually exclusive. Marriage, a cohesive factor bringing people legally and spiritually together, seemed to soften the boundaries between â€Å"Rabbanite† and â€Å"Qaraite† such that the two categories were neither absolute nor mutually exclusive. She gives the example of Yosef who became a Rabbanite, to, as she says, â€Å"in order to facilitate his transition to the Jewish community in Fustat†3. This anecdote suggests that the lines between Qaraite, which is the community Yosef had grown up a part of, and Rabbanite, the community that he ultimately joins to transition into the Jewish community, were not as starkly opposed as is traditionally thought. In fact, it may be said that instead of treating each other as theological and political enemies, the two groups depended on each other financially and socially for support. In the chapter o n marriages, Rustow makes this clear by investigating and commenting on the extent to which

The effect of the community sports leaders award on coaching efficacy Essay

The effect of the community sports leaders award on coaching efficacy - Essay Example The relevance of the work is displayed through the fact that there can hardly be found any profound researches which confirm the relationship of the coach training and the achievements of the athletes. The fact, that coaches should understand the role of the education efficacy as well as the main measurements and requirements towards this efficacy, which will ultimately lead to the higher indices of sport achievements among students and youth athletes. Coaching efficacy is measured through the extent, to which the coaches believe their efforts will provide positive results of their training for the athletes. Thus, it is necessary to provide the basic research in the area of possible connections between the self confidence of the coaches and the achievements of their athletes, thus giving the ground for further research in the similar areas. Youth sport coaches are expected to develop knowledge in a wide range of disciplines including anatomy, physiology, sport psychology and pedagogy (Martens, 1997), they traditionally received little formal training through coach education programmes. The effectiveness of these programmes has been questioned (Douge & Hastie, 1993; Woodman, 1993) and large scale coach education programmes have been criticised for their low ecological validity (Gilbert & Trudel, 1999; Houseworth, Davis & Dobbs, 1990). More recently the importance of coaching to athlete development and national sporting success has been recognised (Sports Coach UK, 2002,) and as a result it has been identified that effective instruction is crucial to the pursuit of optimal sporting performance (Hodges & Franks, 2002). The more effective the instruction, the more fully the instructors role will benefit the athlete. Such instruction requires expert knowledge and a range of skills such as planning and organising in order to facilitate learning experiences and athlete performance. Coaches must also develop a repertoire of sport specific techniques and tactics,

Analysis of an Historian's Arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of an Historian's Arguement - Essay Example The Rabbinites based a legal and religious system on the Talmud, which is a practice that continues to the modern day. It is the socio-cultural and political relationship between these two sects that Marina Rustow surveys in her in her historical work Heresy and the Politics of Community1. Her scholarship about marriage in particular shows that arranged-type marriages demonstrate a series of strategic maneuvers to accomplish the goals of families, regardless of religious affiliations. In many ways, and through many primary sources, Rustow shows the Jewish marriage practice at the time to be very much a business-like decision, with rights, legal proxies, and contracts2. Rustow’s extensive details of the marriages between members of the two communities demonstrates broad yet through historical scholarship, and will leave a lasting impact on how the historians view the relationship between the Rabbinites and Qaraites. Rustow’s conclusions give us reason to change our perception of the Rabbinites and Qaraites as socially competing or mutually exclusive. Marriage, a cohesive factor bringing people legally and spiritually together, seemed to soften the boundaries between â€Å"Rabbanite† and â€Å"Qaraite† such that the two categories were neither absolute nor mutually exclusive. She gives the example of Yosef who became a Rabbanite, to, as she says, â€Å"in order to facilitate his transition to the Jewish community in Fustat†3. This anecdote suggests that the lines between Qaraite, which is the community Yosef had grown up a part of, and Rabbanite, the community that he ultimately joins to transition into the Jewish community, were not as starkly opposed as is traditionally thought. In fact, it may be said that instead of treating each other as theological and political enemies, the two groups depended on each other financially and socially for support. In the chapter o n marriages, Rustow makes this clear by investigating and commenting on the extent to which

Geopolitical Origins of the Iran-Iraq War- Article Review Essay

Geopolitical Origins of the Iran-Iraq War- Article Review - Essay Example A different group contends that this dispute was a pretext for the escalation of hostilities of other sorts, all of which were non territorial. In this article the writer outlines the causes of the Iran-Iraq war conflict he even examines each and every factor with reference to their geographical position. In the first paragraph of the article the writer described how and when the war started and what were the factors involved in the war. According to observes the war was started by Iran and Iraq was the aggressor in this war all the time. To give an idea how aggressive Iraq was, the writer mentioned that between March 1979 and September 1980 it had experienced 434 attacks by Iraqi artillery, infantry, and armored forces as well as 363 violations of its airspace. Iraq asserted that it had suffered 544 violations of its borders and airspace during essentially the same period. (J. M. Abdulghani, Iraq and Iran: The Years of Crisis (London: Croom Helm, 1984), 200.). As the war continues both countries are involved in the propaganda, sabotage, terrorism. Iraqi forces penetrated deep into Khuzistan and captured a strip seventy to one hundred miles wide along the western border of the province. Khuzistan is significant because its ethnic composition is primarily Arab and it contains the prin cipal oil reserves and refining operations in Iran. The writer mentioned that this war continues in five phases; the first was the Iraqi offensive that began on 22 September 1980 and ended by March 1981. The second phase consisted of a year-long stalemate during which Iraq held approximately 14,000 square kilometers of Iranian territory but was unable to advance. The third phase, beginning in March 1982, was marked by an Iranian counteroffensive that drove Iraqi troops from the occupied territory and even penetrated a short distance into Iraq. That counteroffensive was spent by late fall

Human Resource Management in a business is extremely important Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management in a business is extremely important Essay Human Resource Management in a business is extremely important. Good Human Resource Management can help make a successful business as it can help keep the employees happy and satisfied. In the leisure and recreation industry high quality human resource management is vital as the service delivered by the organisations are on a person to person basis. S o the business is going to need the right people with the right skills and attitude, and also need the right managers to motivate and train staff to do well in their jobs. Human Resource Management basically means the organisation of people in a company, and can also be defined by the tasks, which managers undertake in the area, such as recruitment, training and communication with the workforce and dealing with any problems that may arise with the employees. The key qualities that the employees should have are that they should be well enough trained and confident enough to communicate with customers. Most large companies organise their staff into teams or separate departments, with a head or manager of section in charge. In large organisations the role of the manager is to be largely responsible for the deployment and development of employees, a duty that can represent a substantial challenge and needs its own type of training. The manager needs to be trained in appraising staff, motivating individuals or teams in applying employment legislation correctly. The roles of the Human Resource Manager in different sized organisations differ a lot. A manager in a large business would be a trained specialist and would know how to motivate his staff a lot more effectively, as he can concentrate solely on his employees. Where as a manager in a smaller business has the equal amount of responsibility, but this will be added to the responsibility for marketing strategies, financial decisions, stock control and many other jobs to do, perhaps for fewer staff but none the less a complex range of roles to perform. Here at ECC we have a very good Human Resource Management department that motivates the staff very well and is extremely organised, we aim to make sure that our employees are happy and that there is a friendly atmosphere evident for the customers to feel welcome. External and Internal Influences that affect Human Resource Planning Many large and medium sized businesses today have a personnel department. Its main role will be to manage the firms human resources. These are the employees or personnel in a business that help it to achieve its objectives. They might include production workers, office staff, members of the marketing team, accountants or cleaners. Human Resource Planning is the method by which a business forecasts how many and what type of employees it needs at present and in the future. It also involves matching up the right type of employees to the needs of the business. A business will work out its labour requirements, its demand, and make sure that an appropriate supply is demanded. There are many external and internal influences that can affect the success of the human resource management team and its planning for the short and long term. The difference between these influences from the point of view of Human Resource Planning (HRP) is that external is outside the immediate control of organisations, where as internal are more within control of organisations and can be more responsive to good HRP. The external factors can be simplified to the mnemonic PESTLE. These factors affect any leisure and recreation organisation. Each letter influences a business in different ways. Political Economic Social Technological Legal Environmental Political This is concerned with how political developments, regionally, nationally and internationally might affect a leisure and recreation businesses strategy and objectives. A change of government might affect a Leisure and Recreation provider such as our company ECC because they may introduce new policies or taxes that would mean our business may have to have to pay more direct tax and would consequently mean that our company would have less capital to spend on improving the business, or increasing employees wages. Political Instability could also occur in the United Kingdom. This could cause unrest within a country and could reduce the amount of people visiting your organisation. Here at ECC we may be affected, as there is a possibility of war with Iraq, which would mean people wouldnt visit the UK or the USA as the countries could be destructed by a war. That means we wouldnt have a business, as we would not get any customers visiting our restaurants so we would end up bust. Economic This incorporates: * Government Policy Monetary Policy and Interest Rates * Economic Variables Inflation and Unemployment Levels. The Monetary Policy is used to manage the level of demand in the economy with a particular emphasis on controlling the money supply. Monetary Policy can be used to: * Expand the economy by allowing more money to circulate and increase spending. * Control spending and restricts increases in money flowing around the economy which may lead to price rises. The government has used a variety of methods in the past to control the money supply. One is by changing the Interest Rates. Interest Rates is the rate of which businesses and people have to pay back money on loans and on there credit cards. The Monetary Policy meet to determine how much money they want circulating in the UK economy so that it can affect the money supply and inflation. An increase in Interest Rates can reduce the money supply. If interest rates increases, the rate of borrowing rises. That can affect leisure organisations such as ECC a great deal because if we want to expand and develop more restaurants in the UK then that would cost us more money to take out a loan, as the banks would charge us more interest. So then we may have to up our prices and pass on the increase of interest to our customers, which would then decrease the demand of our products, and may go to competitors such as McDonalds or Burger King. The level of inflation is when prices are rising (the rate of inflation) this also has an effect on consumer spending tending to slow down due to the high prices. Due to the loss of demand it has a knock on effect upon suppliers, who pass the increased fixed costs to companies such as ECC. That means that we would have to pay more for all our raw materials such as our food and cooking and cleaning goods and then that means increased prices. Our Human Resource Management department would be effected as that means we wouldnt be able to increase the wages of the employees like they may want, as we cant afford the rise in inflation, which could lead to de- motivation in our staff and the possibility of employees leaving. Unemployment levels at a high level, generally means the UK population as a whole has less money to spend on leisure and recreation activities, and instead spend the money on essential goods. When employment levels are high the population feel confident and have more disposable income to spend on luxury goods or on leisure activities. That could influence our HRP in two ways. Either by having a lot of people spending a lot in our restaurant as they have more money, which means we could afford to give our employees pay rise. Which then would make our staff more motivated and then work more efficiently and produce a better service to customers. And the opposite effect being less demand from customers and then less profit, and we would have to reduce prices to increase demand. By doing that the staff would not get any more money and become more de- motivated. Social The factors include Consumer Trends, which are the trends of the UK population. If the economy is experiencing an upturn in demand that means a company such as ourselves that means we would have to employ more staff as the increase in demand needs more staff to cope with the queues and maintain our service standard of fast, quality food to our customers. So we would employ part time staff so they can be flexible and if the demand decreases then we could not use them or pay them as much. Our HRP may need to be modified if there is a sudden demographic change to our customer base. There is an increase in the grey market in the United Kingdom these are the over 50s so that means we may employ more over 50 staff to appeal to the grey market as they generally have higher disposable incomes and more free time to come to our restaurant. So that could be something for our HRP to decide on, so we can provide a service to a wider market and then increase our profits. Technological We should improve our technology in ECC by maybe having to introduce online booking at our restaurants to keep up with the ongoing advances in technology and make our company have an advantage over our competitors. It would need high levels of investment, and increasing amounts of customers means ECC would have to employ more staff and also have to pay more on training the staff to be suitably equipped to deal with the new technology which would then mean having to pay out more for the wages of the employees. Legal Legal factors could include new health and safety legislation, such as tighter fire precautions, which would mean that our employees would have to go away to an external environment to be trained correctly to make sure ECC cant be sued due to staff not being trained in health and safety. Environmental Here at ECC we make sure there are no reasons why we as a company arent being environmentally friendly and then we arent subject to pressure groups demonstrating against the business, which then would lead to a loss of profit, as demand would decrease because of protestors against us. There are also internal factors that can affect businesses HRP. Structure and Ownership can lead to good and bad HRP. ECC being a large hierarchical organisation has many staff on many levels need a carefully researched human resource plan, which we have to avoid poor communication between restaurants. We make sure each manager of each restaurant across the world takes into account there employees opinions to make our company better as they are the experts in their job. That is all to increase the profits of the business and make it more efficient. The Size and Location can also affect a company and its HRP. We deliver one type of service, so all staff everywhere can be trained to the same standard across the organisation so we achieve the same results and provide the same great service. The location of the business can also be key, because if it is located in the countryside instead of the town centre where we locate our restaurants then we wouldnt appeal to such a wide market and then not get as much profit, which would lead to less money being put towards our employees who are vital.

Nineteenth Century Romantic Period

Nineteenth Century Romantic Period What is music.The dictionary says music is, an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner (Dictorniary.com). Most people would also have to agree that music is a sound that comes out of passion and that the maker of the sound is expressing what music is to him/her to the entire world. We as individuates get to pick what kind of music to listen to and what kind of music has interest to us. The Romantic Period was loved by many individuals because it let the composers express the music the way they choice to. The music was simple and had a lot of emotional expression to it. Romantic music goes back to the particular period, theory, and practice of about 1815-1910. The romanticism in the Romantic Period of the early 19th century made this kind of music a movement that describes the expansion of the structures within a composition and improved pieces by having more passion and expressive to them. The expansion o f the forms made it easier to identify the work to the artist, for example by the elements of form, key, instrumentation and the like of the work. The Romantic revolution in a way one can say in the literature became a similar revolution in the music during this time period. Romantic music is certainly related to the romanticism in literature, and also to visual arts, and philosophy. It was believed that Romantic music struggled to uplift emotional expression and also struggled with power while saving or even extending the formal structural from the classical period which occurred before the Romantic period even started. The 19th century had musical language. The composers analyzed the music to poetry and its rhapsodic and narrative structure to create a more systematic starting point when composing and even performing the concert music. Romantic composers wanted to expand the form therefore they used longer melodies and when the composers wanted grater harmonic, the work of art in the music ran more fluidity as a result. The Romantic period was indeed a time of great revolutions. Passion was the key element that made the Romantic period what is was rather than reason. Passion went side by side with imagination. The Romantic period was about composers trying something new, something out of the box, something that was never tried before and most importantly, something that identified who the said composer was. This was the way some individuals fought back during the American Civil War. Individuals fought back with their feelings and most importantly with their emotions when the Industrial Revolution began to replace everyone with machines. As stated, emotions ruled the arts during this time period, the Romantic period had more artistic freedom than other periods before it, and a big part of that was due to emotions and the imagination of these wonderful composers. The Romantic period brought a new musical form with it called tone poem which told a story kind of like a ballad. These stories and music were about exotic places and wonderful events. Tone color was another important creation. Tone color is when a special sound makes an instrument or voice sound different from another. The new instruments created new tone colors while the old instruments produced different tone colors as they were played in new ways. Virtuosic was also very big for the Romantic period. Virtuosic is something that many individuals can relate to. The composers and musicians showed off their talents by playing very difficult sections of music. Franz Liszt which will be talked about later on was one of these famous piano virtuosos. If he was to be related to something in the present time, Liszt would have to be what a rock star is today. When thinking of the Romantic period, the most popular instrument would have to indeed be the piano. Frederic Chopin which will be talked about later on was the best known composer of piano music. Many new instruments were also inv ented during the Romantic period such as the tuba, saxophone, and the old instruments were improved and were better than before. The 19th century introduced many -isms, such as nationalism, impressionism, supernaturalism, and symbolism. The Romantic Period was about emotion, longing, imagination, literature, dreams, and program music taking place. The composers status rose during the Romantic Era. Composers were more liked by the public. The Industrial Revolution made it possible for every middle class home to have a piano. The music was being taken to extremes during this time period. The composers stretched out the forms into their works. Not only was it possible to have a piano in every middle class household because of the Industrial Revolution but it made it possible for regular people to make and experience music in their own homes in the comfort of their family and friends. Frederic Francois Chopin, Franz Ritter von Liszt, and Felix Mendelssohn in my opinion had to be some of the greatest composers of the 19th century. Frederic Francois Chopin was born in 1810 and died in 1849 at a young age. It is said that at the young age of 39 Chopin died of tuberculosis. Chopin was born in the village of Zelazowa Wola, in the Duchy of Warsaw to a French father, and a Polish mother. As Chopin got older he left to go to Paris where he was indeed making a living as a composer and a piano teacher, and from time to time he was also giving a few public performances for fun. His compositions were written primarily just for the piano as a solo instrument. The piano meant everything to Chopin, and the piano was the most popular instrument of the Romantic Period as stated before. Many people have said that Chopin was a Nationalistic composer. Nationalism is a love of ones country and the desire to see ones country free from invaders. His music speaks to these feelings of patriotism and freedom (Todd 55). It is believed that Chopin invented musical forms such as the instrumental ballad. The instrumental ballad is in a wa y like a story having a dramatic or exciting episode in it or even a narrative. The twist is that this episode or narrative is placed in a song, poem, or even a verse by a person such as a composer. Stories that are looked at as ballads include but are not limited to, historical accounts, familial traditions, or fairy tales. These three examples communicate the fact that these ballads are indeed heard from oral tradition; a story passed on from generation to generation. The ballad usually has three stress lines which are called a balled meter, and simple repeating rhymes, which are often repeated with a refrain. It is also said that Chopin was also responsible for major innovation in the piano, here are just a few; sonata, mazurka, waltz, and prelude. Chopin wrote four Sonatas. A sonata is a musical composition of three or four movements of contrasting forms. Using the word sonata from the Latin and Italian sonar it means to sound. Three for piano solo and one for piano and cello. His sonatas were targeted of much abuse that Chopin had four of his maddest children under the same roof. The traditional Sonata form is A-B-A. Chopins first sonata was titled Sonata No.2 in B-flat minor, Op.35, this was composed in 1839 at Nohant near Chateauroux in France. This sonata consists of four movements; the first is the Grave; Doppio movimento, second is the Scherzo, third is the Marche funebre: Lento, and the forth is the Finale: Presto. In the first movement I feel as if the song features a stormy opening maybe to introduce the theme while the second theme has more of a calmer relaxed feel to it. The third movement begins and ends with the funeral march in B flat minor which is what gives this sonata its title. The finale contains a whirlwin d of notes played in unison. There is not a single rest of chord until the final bars. In the finale there are a lot of dynamics, the volume changes very often. As I listen to this sonata I feel my mind drifting off and I mean that in a good way. I am thinking of memories and I imagine myself staring out by the window on a rainy day while this is playing in the room. I feel very calm and very at peace when I hear this sonata, but at the same time I feel as if this sonata is very slow and down that it kind of makes me bored in the middle of it. A mazurka is a moderately fast Polish country dance which was popular in Europe during the Romantic Period. These Polish folk dances are in triple meter with a heavy accent on the second or third beat of every measure. For example: (1-2-3|1-2-3 or 1-2-3|1-2-3). The Mazurkas, Op. 6 contains four of the first mazurkas that Chopin published. No. 1 in F minor uses Polish folk rhythms and modes. This Mazurka starts out with a piano section in which the theme is started. The second theme is started in fortissimo. Fortissimo is used in dynamics to refer to the volume of a sound or note. Fortissimo means very loud and it is the highest dynamic there is to capture the volume of sound or a note. These two passages both end with repeats. The third theme is introduced as an ostinato, which is a phrase that is persistently repeated in the same musical voice that an ostinoto always has equal sounds. Chopin composed a total of 58 mazurkas. Another famous mazurka by Frederic Chopin was his Mazurka i n B-flat, op.7, no.1. The melody of this mazurka stands out in the uppermost voice while the lower voices play a strictly supporting role. The texture is homophonic because of the high melody of the piece. This work is a character piece; it has short works that capture a particular character, not the character in a story but in the sense of a characters mood. This piece of music by Chopin is a great example of musical nationalism and a great example of how Chopin used nationalism in his music. There are no voices just the piano heard in this mazurka but the piano is playing the part of the vocalist. A drone bass is a single pair of notes that are repeated over and over again which is used in this song. This mazurka uses a lot of scales (Do-Re-Mià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) that go up and down. This mazurka is popular with the pianist opening with a theme that consists simply of an ascending scale- a serious of steps going up in an upward motion to p which is soft. Then later the mode changes to mystery or contemplation and the series of scales go down in a downward motion to pp which is very soft. This is when rubato is taking place. Rubato in music just basically means when the tempo is being pushed and pulled by the measures. A waltz is a ballroom and folk dance that is performed in a closed position. A waltz is a piece of music that is in triple meter; a waltz also has a 1.2.3 1.2.3. count and is usually a slow tempo. Waltzes have one chord per measure and the root of the chord is the first note. Chopin himself composed 20 waltzes. A prelude is a short piece of music in which the form of it may vary. Chopins Waltz in D flat is a popular Waltz that many are familiar with. It is popularly known as the Minute Waltz. Chopin wrote this waltz in 1847; therefore it was composted during the middle of the Romantic Period. Chopin did not intend for this waltz to be played in one minute usually this performance of the waltz is about one and half to two and a half minutes. While listening to Chopins Waltz in D flat, I very much enjoyed the Waltz. It is very fast and I like that it keeps to a rhythm. I also like how some of the notes are loud and out there for the listener to hear very clearly, and then after a while the notes just fade away and are very quite. It makes the listener want to pay extra close attention to the notes, and then when the listener does, the notes surprise the listener and come back louder like they were played before. I was also imagining a big ballroom full of people dancing and that is not because this is a Waltz. The truth is the feel of the music. This kind of mu sic makes you want to ballroom dance in a way. Franz Ritter von Liszt was born on October 22, 1811 and died on July 31, 1886. He was born to Marie Anna Lager and Adam Liszt in the village of Raiding in Sopron Country, which is now in Hungary. Liszts father played the piano as well as many other instruments and he taught Faranz Liszt how to play the piano at the young age of seven. Then at the age of eight, Liszt began composing. At the age of nine, Liszt appeared in many concerts and after the concerts, a group of well off Hungarians offered to finance Franz music education abroad. He was a Hungarian composer, a wonderful pianist and a teacher. Liszt was becoming popular during the 19th century throughout Europe for the great skill that he had as a performer. He is said to be the greatest pianist of all time. Many individuals are influenced by him as an important composer and a conductor who contributed to the modern development of the art of all time. He contributed to the invention of the symphonic poem. The symphonic poem is a lso called a tone poem and is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section (a movement) in which the content of a poem, a story or a novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non- musical) source is illustrated or evoked (dictornary.com). The term of symphonic poem was first applied by Franz Liszt himself to his 13 works. Liszt also developed the concept of the thematic transformation as part of his musical form and making departures in harmony. Liszt was known as a prolific composer. His career followed his changing personal and professional life. He was not afraid to mix professional and personal life together. Liszts piano works are said to be difficult to the average person. Liszt also liked to expand his musical ideas into poetry and painting. The largest and well best known music of Liszt has to be his original piano work. He was known for taking previously done works and revising them for example, Annees de Pelerinage which means years of pilgrimage in English has gone through some thoroughly revised process by Liszt. Many people have said that Liszts piano works are divided into two different classes. The first class are his original works such as the piece called Harmonies poetigues et religieuses and the second class are the fantasy works that have been done by other composers, for example Liszts transcriptions of songs done by Schubert. Liszt is well known for composing almost six dozen original songs with a piano accompaniment. A lot of the songs were in German or French, and only one song was done in English. As of today a lot of Liszts songs have been forgotten by the public. Liszts songs should be played and remembered forever because he loved the idea of programme music. Programme music is much that is intended to evoke extra musical ideas. His own view on this was that music can be taken from the preface of the Album dun Voyageur (NAME PG). One thing that great composter need to be is noted teachers and Liszt was the most noted teacher of the 19th century. Liszt piano concerto no.1 consists of four movements. Allegro maestoso, Quasi adagio, Allegretto vivace, and Allegro maziale. During the Allegro maestoso, the piece begins and the theme is introduced by the orchestra. Then following is the piano with an octave that spans four octaves. The duet is quiet and is formed between the clarinet and piano making the passage peaceful. The main theme soon takes over again there after. Introduced in the adagio section is the cello and the double bass. They are introduced in serene, unison cantabile prior to the rest of the string joining sections. The double bass and cello descend before the joining of the piano in una corda. The piano develops further while using the string theme. A strong fortissimo is played as the climax is reached. Prior to this a descending diminuendo scale is played. The orchestra joins in full after a slight pause following the same theme but instead a cello is played as the piano is played quickly. This introduces a new passage. The windward section is now playing a new theme as the piano is in the upper register. The passage comes to an end with the piano. Staring the Allegretto vivace is a string quartet. There after the piano resumes, playing the same theme as it further develops. Giving the concerto its unique form, the last two movements are reintroduced and combined. The ending of the movement ends the same the same way the first movement began with a piano passage ending in F-minor. During the Allegro marziale animato begins with a descending E-flat scale which plays before the orchestra plays the slow woodwind section that was played in the previous movement. The brass is used to decorate the melody in this movement. This movement continues to bring all the themes out at different times while combining them all together. Liszts Piano Concerto no. 1: Allegro maestoso-Tempo giusto makes me feel as if Im at a dinner party listening to this song playing. I very much enjoy the part when the piano and the orchestra are played together. The whole song just gives this feeling of excitement at some parts with the cello being played then when the piano and orchestra is playing together I get this sense of being at a real piano concerto. This song is making me feel as if its a real professional song that is being played for entertainment. Liszt fell down the stairs of a hotel on July 2, 1881. It was believed that Liszt was in good health before the accident of his death accorded. Later on when he got checked in for his accident, it was shown that Liszt had dropsy, asthma, insomnia, a cataract of the left eye and chronic heart disease (NAME PG). Liszt later died in Germany, on July 31, 1886. He died at a normal age at the age of 74. Felix Mendelssohn originally named Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born on February 3, 1847 in Hamburg Germany and was raised by a highly intellect Jewish family. He first began studying the piano after his family had moved to Berlin under Ludwig Berger and then studied composition under Karl F. Zelter. As a child, Felix played the piano and the violin. He showed a great level of talent as a child proving that he was a prodigy. Not only did he show that he was musically gifted, but he was also artistic and proved to be gifted in foreign languages. It was believed that Mendelssohn was not just a great composer but also an artist. His giftedness included drawing, watercolors, and oil paining. He also drew humorous sketches and cartoons in the text of his drawings. Music and art go with each other and both are great works of art. Clearly Mendelssohn was a very gifted man. Mendelssohn also had a normal life like most people do. He got married to Cecile Jarnrenaud on March 28 , 1937. They had five children together which they named: Carl, Marie, Lilli, Felix, and Paul. Mendelssohn traveled across the European content to study music such as Paris where he studied the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach along with his sister Fanny who was said to be the one to introduce him to music as a young child. Mendelssohn most defiantly got his ideas for music from some of the greatest composers of the earlier time as stated by Mozart and Bach. Mendelssohn was inspired by the many musical masters, especially Bach. Mendelssohn composed eleven symphonies, five operas, and many other piano pieces. These pieces were only the beginning of his highly talented musical career. At such a young age and at the beginning of his musical career, he managed to impress every audience member and proved his musical talent. His first concert that he preformed in front of a public audience was at the age of nine. At age fifteen in 1924, Mendelssohn wrote his very first full orchestra symphony in C minor, Op. 11. String E-flat major which he wrote at the age of sixteen truly showed the power of his musical talent. His best known early works were, This Octet, and the overture to Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream: Wedding March. Mendelssohns overture to Shakespeares play, A Midsummer Nights Dream is written in sonata form. It is a one movement work with no repeat of the exposition. The work captures the chaotic, magic spirit of any enchanted forest. There is this pull against the world of fantasy and the world of reality. The real are the two pair of human lovers while the unreal are the fairies. The transformed unreal is the workmans head that is changed to a donkey during the end. This work has a story to it therefore it is program music. The artists thought it was important to integrate purely instrumental music with ideas which is what Mendelssohn clearly did here. Mendelssohn also wanted to create characters through sound. There are five opening measures of this work. The first measure is entirely winds, it draws to the enchanted forest such as setting the story out for the audience. The second measure is the high- pitched figure in the strings. The third measure is the loud theme, it reflects the heavier world of the pair of humans and its ruler (Theseus). The fourth measure is the first theme in the secondary key area. When the human lovers fall in and out of love with each other. The last measure is a loud, braying theme which is associated with Bottom, the head of the donkey. The workmans head is changed into a donkey is when the fifth measure is introduced and finished. Sonata form includes the exposition, development, recapitulation, and the coda. In the exposition, all the opening themes are introduced in the tonic key area. Moves from tonic to new key area. This is the first binary section of the sonata form. Then in the development the temeses are being developed from the expositions that they were introduced in. This is when the new key area moves into the unstable key area(s). In the recapitulation the opening theme(s) in the tonic are returning. This is when the unstable key area(s) move to tonic again. Then the return of theme(s) are still in the tonic. This is the second binary section. Then coda in Italian means tail, which indicates the movement to a close after the recapitulation. The coda is the ending where new music usually shows up that has not been heard in the rest of the work so far. Now in this work of a sonata form, the characters are introduced in the exposition. In the development the exposition does not need to be repeated. T he scurrying theme heard here is associated with the fairies. In the recapitulation all the main themes are brought back to the tonic. Then the coda is when it ends the work as it began. During the coda the listener can hear long held notes being played by the winds. After Mendelssohns death on November 4, 1847 it was believed that the death of his close sister Fanny six months before Mendelssophns death caused him great distress in his life. In his wake he was mourned both in Germany and England. That just comes to show what a great reputation he had. In England his reputation was very highly looked upon for an extremely long period of time. Mendelssohns popular piano music will always remain popular to his fans especially the overture to Shakespeares: A Midsummer Nights Dream: Wedding March. The 19th Century Romantic Period must have created an impact to future generations. The Romantic Period to date created old technologies for later generations to use. The Romantic Period also made it okay to turn poetry into songs. This era showed that not every song has to be about falling in love and having a happy fairy tail ending. It showed people that it is okay to write and sing about the dark side of things. Romantic Period made it possible for future generations to express themselves into the songs that the composers write nowadays. The Romantic Period had passion in the music that was performed. This passion carried along to the future generations. Celine Dionne, Taylor Swift, and many more artists put passion into their songs. It is the songs that have passion that the audience enjoys listening to over and over again. People enjoy going to the concerts, enjoy and wants to buy the CDs, because the people want to hear songs that have passion in them and songs that they can r elate to. I honestly believe that the 19th Century Romantic Period had a lot of impact on our generation and will have impact on many more generations to come. Individuals learn and grow from the past. People take old ideas and try to make them new, but they also keep the initial thought of the idea going. The new ideas that are represented have to start from somewhere. It is like adding a new larger step to an idea that was perfect in the past, but just adding a little something more to make that idea even better now in the present. The events and changes of society have greatly affected music. Such as the attitudes, ideas, inventions, discoveries, and various historical events of society all played a big role in inspiration of 19th century music. During the 19th century, the industrial revolution was in its prime. The industrial revolution had a huge impact on the music of this time period by the implementation of new technology into musical instruments. Some of the innovations included newly redesigned mechanical valves and redesigned key for brass and woodwind instruments that improved sound quality and ease of play. The uprising of the middle class impacted the development of music as well. Prior to the 19th century music era, a vast majority of composers were living on the patronage of aristocracy. Most of the audiences of the performances were of mostly upper class music savvy individuals and were small in numbers. Large audience concerts such as festivals and public events were often wrote by composers of the Romantic Era. The audiences of these performances were mainly paying customers and didnt have vast knowledge of music that the upper class did. Composers of the Romantic Era did not want music to be segregated among a particular class of society. Instead it is stated that the purpose was to write music that was to be heard (Young 1967, 527). During the 19th century, the importance of nationalism became increasingly important and projected into the music and other various arts of the Romantic Era. Nationalism was expressed in the music by implementing native unique elements of native cultures like folk songs and dances. Using elements such as rhythm and melody by composers, the diversification of the musical language was increasing especially during the end of the 19th century. Nationalist music written by composers contained many different elements from various cultures. Music from one country may contain elements from another and incorporate it into one. For example Bedrich Sm entana and Antonin Dvorak of Russia used elements and themes from Czech songs and folk dances. Chopin also wrote some of his pieces in such forms as polonaise and mazurka which was originated from polish folk music. It can be said that during this time music became very politically charged in a global scene.