The Ethical Dilemma Involving Many Co Operations And It Is...

1. INTRODUCTION There is an ethical dilemma involving many co-operations and it is trust. The values of a leader is crucial to an organization in regards to the choices and decisions they make. According to (Westaby et al, 2010) leaders have to make judgment calls in various aspects of the business and this could affect the work force and the organization as a whole. Ethics are from a person’s morals and (Cianci et al, 2014) states this comes from cultural influence, environment and business interests. Leaders are responsible for the motivation and drive of their subordinates to perform in the organization however without the employees trusting the leader to be ethical and a good decision maker especially concerning their well being, this could prove to be a futile task. Many people wonder what exactly ethical leadership? (Wright and Quick, 2011) explain that it stems from an individual’s character; there are classic opinions that both religion and philosophies play a major role in the formation of personality. They attribute the make up of the character to be from Christian belief brought on by Saint Paul that encourages â€Å"faith, hope and charity† and other Asian beliefs such as Confucianism, also there are earthly views of fairness and social awareness. Wright and Quick, (2011) are convinced that both the religious and logical view point of the world make up a person’s character. Ethical leadership by (Brown and Trevino, 2006) can be described to be the show ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Challenges in Business Organization (Maybank)5985 Words   |  24 PagesKuliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences Department of Business Administration Business Ethics MGT 3020 Dr. Naail Mohammed Kamil Ethical Challenges in Business Organization: A Study of Maybank Investment Bank Group Members: Atiqah Bt Dalik 1223400 Aida Abidah Bt Anuar 1220954 Alya Maisarah Bt Zainal 1228000 Nor Amira Suhada Bt Othman 1224892 Ethical Challenges in Business Organization: A Study of Maybank Investment Bank Atiqah Bt Dalik(1), Aida Abidah Bt Anuar(2), Alya Maisara Bt Zainal(3)Read MoreEthical Issues on Toyota4559 Words   |  19 Pagesassociated firms and every other body defines its business ethics to be good or bad. The history has many instances, where renowned business brands lost their reputation and were fined for following undesirable business manners. These ethics can help a business to grow and remain in healthy competition, though today’s competitive world is discouraging small and big business brands to remain ethical. With WSI business opportunity, you can learn methods of becoming sue. What we have learnt from theRead MorePrinciples and Practices of Management6031 Words   |  25 Pagesis the first step towards the study of management as a distinct field of study. Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory- Management thinkers searched for ways to increase efficiency of workers to increase productivity by deleting or combining operations of work. It was then that scientific management theory was introduced by Fredrick W. Taylor (1956-1915), who is also known as the father of scientific management. Taylor found that work was not done scientifically in most of the organizations.Read MoreAwb Scandal - Bad Apples or Bad Barrels?5670 Words   |  23 PagesOrganisational factors or ‘bad barrels’ are said to have instigated many occurrences of corporate corruption and deviant behaviour (Wharton 2002, p 2), involving large numbers of active or passive participants; these are ‘rarely the result of a few bad apples’ (Murphy 2007, p 7). The AWB case is a clear example of corporate culture and other systemic failures influencing and defining an organisation’s decision making and its ethical posture. This report addresses the underlying organisational causesRead MoreBusi 561 Legal Issues in Business7036 Words   |  29 Pagescompany that operates a number of cheesecake and wine restaurants. Originally founded in New York City, RAPIDS has since expanded to include international locations. RAPIDS was formed as a subchapter S corporation. The company abides by the highest ethical principles and ensures that all employees maintain these high standards. RAPIDS’s policies are all based on Christian principles. The company relies on a corps of legally-astute managers that use their understanding of the law to successfully guideRead MoreEssay on Profession Issues in Counselling Person Centred12506 Words   |  51 PagesExistentialism, Phenomenology, Behaviourism and Psychoanalysis. 1 This form of humanistic therapy deals with the ways in which people perceive themselves consciously rather than having a therapist try to interpret unconscious thoughts or ideas. There are many different components and tools used in person-centred therapy including active listening, genuineness, paraphrasing. The real point is that the client already has the answers to the problems and the job of the therapist is to listen without makingRead MoreEngineering Ethics in Practice: a Guide for Engineers18096 Words   |  73 Pages7 10 12 13 17 18 19 22 24 25 28 29 31 35 37 40 3 4 5 6 7 Appendix 1: The Statement of ethical principles Appendix 2: A legal perspective References 2 The Royal Academy of Engineering 1 Foreword and introduction 1 Foreword and introduction â€Å"Engineers invent the future and their work aï ¬â‚¬ects the lives of millions of people, for better or worse. That raises enormous ethical issues in every branch of engineering, from computing through biotechnology and energy to civil and aeronauticalRead MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Are A Challenge For Any Organization Or Institution Essay6614 Words   |  27 PagesLeadership Doctoral Qualifying Examination Student Examination ID Number QOL002 â€Æ' A. Ethical leadership and ethical decision making are a challenge for any organization or institution. Within your professional area/industry, analyze how and why ethical practices and behaviors are critical to your discipline and to the success of organizations. Justify your response in detail with three examples of current ethical practices and discuss the key theoretical concepts and industry guidelines involvedRead MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Essay7037 Words   |  29 PagesLeadership Doctoral Qualifying Examination Student Examination ID Number QOL002 Ethical leadership and ethical decision making are a challenge for any organization or institution. Within your professional area/industry, analyze how and why ethical practices and behaviors are critical to your discipline and to the success of organizations. Justify your response in detail with three examples of current ethical practices and discuss the key theoretical concepts and industry guidelines involvedRead MoreQuestions On Strategic Human Resource Management Essay7145 Words   |  29 Pagesavailable tools used for measuring the effectiveness of HRM strategy Assess key research findings regarding the connection between HRM strategy and organizational performance Evaluate the rationale for ethical codes of conduct/ behaviour in HRM strategy Recommend ways to effectively manage ethical dilemmas regarding whistle blowing, multinational workforce, equal opportunities and diversity Analyse different training methods including specialised training methods Analyse the importance of further education

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1946 Words

One thing is well understood is one should never deliberate over religion or politics in specific social settings. Religion is and has always been a topic of serious controversy and indifference. Literature has become a major source of media in which religious sentiments are discussed. The description of one boy, Huck and his adventures allows Mark Twain the chance to convey Huck Finn’s perspective on religion to his readers. In his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses such literary devices as satire, humor, and irony throughout his work to illustrate his distaste for religion and religious conventions. In various scenes in the novel, Twain illustrates his animosity towards religion, as normally serious conventions are portrayed as comical. Huckleberry Finn, the main character, is either directly involved in these scenarios or otherwise a viewer and subsequent narrator of these humorous events. Literature can be used to augment your thoughts and place it under a friendly and sharing light for which other readers can interpret and further develop their understandings. Gregg Bentley had a similar way of seeing things. He writes in this short essay,â€Å"Literature provides us with a variety of lenses by means of which to rethink the material and ideological spaces that we occupy in this world.† This is what Mark Twain illustrated in Huckleberry Finn. He used the scenes in the book to challenge the ideologies of his readers, and by challenging the reader he isShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly w ith his readers. During the story

Does Heavy Metal Cause Teen Violence free essay sample

Heap metal has had a bad beat since the dawn of the genre onto the music scene. Slipknot, Oozy Osborn, Marilyn Manson, Judas Priest, and Slayer are Just some of the household names on the metal scene to have come under fire for supposedly Inciting suicide, and in some cases murder. Its a fire that the media has been more than happy to stoke, quick to insinuate links between the brutal lyrics and acts of violence. To quote Twisted Sister front man Dee Snider, Every time a serial killer, mass murderer, Satanists, or any evil person in our society. .. Yetis the medias found out that thieve listened to heavy metal music it has been blown up as the reason for why this person Is doing the things that they do (Dunn). And he couldnt be more right. As In the case of Marilyn Manson and the Columbine shootings, the media Is more than happy to stoke the flames of controversy, even if the evidence points to the contrary. They feel undermined, even stupid and as such tend to act out as a way to gain acknowledgment (Flagmen). While Flagmans research depicts teen lenience to be at an all-time high research done by the FBI from 1 990 through 2007 has shown that rates of serious violence amongst youths under the age 18 has plunged by 49%, including unprecedented declines in murder (down 66%), rape (down 52%), robbery (down 32%), and serious assault (down 28%) (FBI). Furthermore, large-scale surveys such as Monitoring the Future and The American Freshman have found students today reporting higher levels of happiness, optimism, leadership Interest, and volunteerism and lower rates of smoking drinking, depression, dropout, and materialism.And if thats not enough to blow you away, the youngest teens showed the biggest improvements. So what causes teen violence? Is the media to blame? Is it drugs, metal health issues, neglect, peer pressure, or even bad grades? There may never be a satisfactory answer, but as far as metal is concerned, sociologist Donna Gaines had this to say, For young people, its a place to bel ong where you can experience other possibilities and transcend everyday life in a very glorious way Is heavy metal a sacrament? For some people, it is.

Dispersion Compensation in Optical Fiber †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dispersion Compensation in Optical Fiber. Answer: Introduction An optical fiber is only a variable fiber of clear glass powerful at conveying information as light. Optical materials are hair-thin structures made by framing pre-shapes, which are glass poles. Few-mode optical fibers (FMFs) which are also referred to as higher order mode fibers, have already been versatilely used in several purposes for dispersal settlement in long-haul transmission systems (Leo et al. 2013). It is important to conduct mode analysis along with measurement of chromatic dispersion in context to FMF such that the performance of the optical devices and sensors can be upgraded. Hence, this study will be conducted to propose an estimation procedure to measure the chromatic dispersions existing in optical fibers. It will be accomplished with the help of a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) interferometry by using a tunable laser and a straightforward interferometer. Dispersion is depicted as heartbeat disseminating in an optical fiber. As a beat of gentle spreads through a fiber, segments, for example, numerical gap, the essential distance across, refractive list page, wavelength, and laser point width make the beat expand. Dispersion increments over the fiber length. The general effectuation of dissemination on the execution of a fiber optic process is known as Intersymbol Disturbance (ISI) (Temprana et al. 2015). Intersymbol impedance happens when the beat disseminating caused by conveyance triggers the profitability beats of a framework to cover, rendering them imperceptible. Dispersion is typically divided into three types: modal distribution, chromatic distribution and polarization function dispersion. Modal distributionis identified as pulse dispersion brought on by the time wait between lower-order methods and higher obtain modes. Modal distribution is difficult in multimode fiber, producing bandwidth limitation. Chromatic Distribution (CD) is pulse dispersion as a result of the fact that various wavelengths of gentle propagate at slightly multiple velocities through the fiber as the index of refraction of glass fiber is a wavelength dependent volume; multiple wavelengths propagate at various speeds (Dar et al. 2013) Polarization Style Distribution (PMD) occurs as a result of birefringence along the length of the fiber that creates multiple polarization methods to visit at various speeds that will lead to rotation of polarization orientation across the fiber. Measurement methods for chromatic dispersion In the area, three significant techniques can be found for deciding the chromatic dispersion in context to optical fibers. They are depicted by three TIA/EIA business criteria: the beat postpone technique (FOTP-168 standard), the adjusted stage move system (FOTP-169 standard), and the differential stage change procedure (FOTP-175 standard). Phase-shift and differential phase-shift techniques are very similar. In the two methods, a regulated asset is infused at the contribution of the fiber under test. The phase of the sinusoidal balancing signal is looked into at the creation of the fiber and contrasted with the phase of an examination flag, regulated with precisely the same (Brasch et al. 2016). In the stage move procedure, the reference flag includes a set wavelength, while the other adjusted flag is tuned in wavelengths. In the differential stage move methodology, the two signs are tuned in wavelengths with a set interval. The reviewed modulated signal, tuned in wavelengths, is in comparison to a detailed reference signal, also tuned in wavelength; however, the wavelength space is constant. The pulse-delay techniques calculate the time that various wavelength companies journey through the fiber under test, either by photon counting or by testing the hyperlink size with a multi-wavelength OTDR. The CD-OTDR releases multiple laser impulses in to one end of the fiber under test, ultimately applying more than four various wavelengths significantly for better accuracy (Lopez et al. 2013). After that, it examines the time and energy to get back following a back-reflection from the connection at the other end. The full-time delay as a purpose of the wavelength is deduced by evaluating the changing times of journey of the laser pulses. Previous studies on measurement of dispersion Romaniuk et al. (2015), has arranged an intricate framework, where WLANs are connected in to a fiber optic framework to grow DAS in circulation lines in the financially suitable way. They have composed a DAS remote connection for arranged association framework utilizing IEEE 802.11 a WLAN building and plausibility inspected tentatively concerning effective sign speed and delicacy of the received signal. Bufetov et al. (2014), have examined optical straight back proliferation (OBP) approach that used two to a significant degree nonlinear strands to pay for sign fiber non-direct impacts. Walczak, Randoux and Suret (2015), has inspected the rising frameworks for building up the transfer speed for data transmission using fiber optic for the broadband systems. Zuo et al. (2015), have arranged a savvy association stage program (SCPS) based place to approve the bent of program execution connected to deal with and help the association framework in issue regions. Amiri, Nikoukar and Ali (2013), tentatively appeared for at first, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) time in the Eband (71 76 GHz and 81 86 GHz) fixated on photonics time system. Udayakumar, Khanaa and Saravanan (2013), permit us a method to survey the information limit of a nonlinear course and figured the decrease in course limit with regards to fiber optic association frameworks. A shiny new frame to style long run fiber optic association strategies has been made by DeCusatis, C. ed. (2013). Okumura and Terada (2014), analyzed the application type of fiber optic association for satellite correspondences as a result of its negligible fat, expansive data transfer capacity limit and basic engineering for data transporting, electromagnetic aggravation (EMI), insusceptibility and value viabilit y. Futami and Hirota (2014), analyzed 10 GB/s non-dispersal managed and dispersal managed wavelength team multiplexed program that uses pre-payment, article payment or dual payment of every route to minimize dispersal and nonlinear effects. They realize that dual payment provides a minimal penalty for every single dispersal managed WDM systems. Winzer (2015), planned a concise tunable fibre Bragg grating (FBG) that uses distributed thin movie heaters at first glance of the fibre to dynamically improve the article dispersal payment at 40 GB/s non come back to zero sign system. They have shown the first dispersal compensating FBG at long pseudorandom touch collection sample lengths. They discover that a system itself requires only a Bragg grating and a tapered thin steel movie covering to shift and chirp the FBG wavelength by changing the used current through the movie which improves time-varying dispersal routes and may reduce energy penalty associated with nonlinear sign impairments and other variations. Research Questions, Aim and Sub-goals The questions that have been prepared for this particular study are illustrated as below: What is the basic cause of transmission loss in communication systems? What is the importance of testing dispersion in optical fiber? What are the existing dispersion measurement methods for optical fibers? This study aims at understanding the types of dispersion and testing the existence of dispersion in an optical fiber. It is essential to perform measurement of chromatic dispersion in context to FMF for upgrading optical devices as well as sensors performance that are based on FMF (DeCusatis, C. ed. 2013). Henceforth, this study will be led to propose a novel estimation technique for chromatic dispersions of most energized routes in optical filaments. The sub-goals in context to this study for measuring dispersion in optical fibers are listed as below: To analyze the concept of dispersion and understand the various types. To evaluate previous studies on the measurement methods and gain insight into the To demonstrate a new technique to measure dispersion. Theoretical Content The first FMCW interferometer process is comprised of Michelson interferometer along with Tunable Laser Source (TLS) where there is utilization of swept center frequency. It is being used as an alternative for movable delay line which is incorporated in an Optical Low Coherence Reflectometer (OLCR). Typically, FMCW interferometry is used for determining positions of the existing irregularities in a Single Mode Optical Fiber (SMF) that has high sensitivity as well as spatial resolution. Each mode present in the Fiber under Test (FUT) is being propelled with frequency-swept coherent light (Kschischang 2015). Then, another light emitted from interferometers reference arm is interfered with the lights that are transmitted from the modes in FUT (Uddin, Rahman Ali 2015). The detection of power of the lights that are interfered is done with the help of slow photo-detector and beating oscillations that have proportional frequencies with respect to time delays. If there should be an occurren ce of a multimode visual fiber, each setting moves with an alternate spread normal and incorporates a different class speed. Therefore relative time delay, which fits to each function inside an MMF, may be calculated with an FMCW interferometry. The chromatic dispersion of every function inside an MMF may be also received by testing wavelength-dependent time delay in a FMCW interferometer by spanning the middle wavelengths of the tunable laser. The wavelength-dependent a.c. sensor voltage of an interfered indicate in a FMCW interferometry is generally identified by: Wherever Um and ?m would be the constant amplitude and phase of an interfered indicate involving the fundamental function of the reference fibre and the m-th get function of the FUT, respectively. D is exactly how many the thrilled ways in a multimode optical fiber. may be the center wavelength of a tunable laser source. A frequency-tuning rate () is a settable constant value of our tunable laser source (Leo et al. 2013). It presents the mild volume change per device time. Relative party delay m may be the huge difference between the time delay of the m-th thrilled function of an MMF and the fundamental function of a SMF since the reference fiber. Experimental Set-up The underneath figure 1 is a schematic chart of the test set-up to measure the chromatic dispersion of revived settings in a FMF using a transmission-sort FMCW interferometer. An Agilent TLS 81640A tunable light source (TLS) is utilized with focusing range from 1520 1580 nm and focusing selection () of 2 nm as seemed in the specked package of the figure. The wavelength-tuning charge was collection to 5 nm/s or = 625 GHz/s at 1550 nm wavelength indicated while the slant of the satisfied immediate frequency as an element of time, that will be revealed such as for instance a found enamel waveform in beneath figure. The optical energy of the TLS is kept at 2 mW amid the frequency focusing process (Lopez et al. 2013). Beating signs were gained using an information procurement stock up with an activating indication developed each time toward the beginning of frequency sweep. After frequency cleared light from the TLS is part utilizing a 3 dB visual coupler, fifty for each penny of the visual vitality goes into a dependable Michelson shape fiber interferometer, as found in a dashed bundle in figure 1. The helper interferometer is utilized to check the nonlinearity of the frequency convey rate as a reason for time. By considering time-changing time of a beating sign in the helper interferometer with help from Hilbert change remuneration strategy, about all of slip-ups identified with the nonlinear frequency convey rate of our TLS were easily expelled (Okumura Terada 2014). A greater part Mach-Zehnder interferometer is utilized as the primary interferometer, where the lingering visual vitality is part afresh utilizing a 3 dB fiber coupler. A pattern proliferated by method for a FUT is alongside yet another pattern from the examination supply with an extensive segment splitter, and they make aggravation signs at a photograph locator. A carefully assembled few mode fiber (FMF), of which the essential length and the record huge contrast is roughly 8 pm and 0.026, individually, is utilized for instance fiber under test. Results, Outcome and Relevance In the described estimation scheme, dispersions are gotten particularly and instinctually by measuring the time deferments of the modes with respect to wavelength. Another good position is a clear trial set-up involving a tunable laser source and an essential interferometer. Diverse techniques need to gauge the chromatic dispersion of the LP01 strategy for an example FMF with a conventional stage control methodology to get the dispersion of a higher demand mode for every case FMF. Regardless, this system does not need to measure the dispersion of the LP01 for every example FMF. Since the dispersion information of a SMF is prominent, if a standard SMF is used as a sort of viewpoint fiber in the estimation setup, no further reference dispersion estimations would be required. In addition, various tunable lasers for commercial purpose have been developed in the recent years with different wavelengths. Moreover, that procedure could be connected to the strategic assessment for various for te visual strands, for example, for example, photonic precious stone filaments, empty visual strands with a few modes. Project plan refers to the process of developing the scope and objectives along with determining the steps for achieving the goals of the project. It is one the essential process that helps to manage a project efficiently. The project plan also defines the approach as well as process that the team will use for management of the project according to the defined scope. The plan for this research project has been illustrated as below: The project plan comprises of the various activities that are required for completion of the research successfully. The plan has been designed along with the required time to complete each activity. The total duration that has been estimated to accomplish the research project and achievement of project objectives is 42 days that is the project will begin from 25 October 2017 and end on 12 December 2017. The description of the activities required to accomplish the research project is being presented in the below sections: Identifying the purpose of the research: In this activity, the scope of research is developed along with determining the goals and objectives of the research. Purpose of the study states the major initiatives that should be met during the entire project lifecycle. The stage is important for following requirements later as objectives are specified. Review of existing studies on the topic: This activity involves reviewing of the various available journal articles or previous research on the related topic to gain an insight into the theoretical background. This stage is about reviewing several literature studies to gather secondary data for determining the research outcomes so that project can be conducted. Developing aims and questions for the research: This activity is required for evaluating aims and preparing questions to conduct the research. The study requires formulating some research questions to follow proper research methodology and state outcomes in the discussion part. Developing theoretical content: This involves the preparation of theoretical concept behind conducting this research. A literature review can support conceptual content so that project outcomes can be discussed with proper analysis. Determining the experimental setup: This activity involves preparing a setup for conducting the experiment as per theoretical concept Determine the outcomes: This activity involves diagnosis and evaluation of the results that are achieved from the experiment. Concluding the study: In this activity, the conclusion of the study will be stated to present completion of research work management. WBS Task Name Duration 0 Engineering project preparation 35 days 2 Identifying purpose of the research 4 days 3 Review of existing studies on the topic 5 days 4 Developing aims and questions for the research 4 days 5 Developing theoretical content 3 days 6 Determining the experimental setup 10 days 7 Determine the outcomes 7 days 8 Drawing conclusion to the study 2 days Conclusion The development of the fiber optics business within the last several years has been explosive. The analysts assume that this business will continue to develop at a significant charge properly in to another decade. Dispersion in visual materials limits the quality of signal transmission. Chromatic dispersion must be assessed to measure the possibility of improving communities to raise transmission rates, or to evaluate the necessity for compensations. In that paper, a novel strategy for the rating of dispersion has already been discussed. The research being conducted with this examine has helped to provide a fresh, effective chromatic dispersion rating strategy for examining the excited processes of a visual fiber employing an FMCW interferometer system. Dispersion exists in visual fiber in the telecommunication. It is an essential visual feature in the visual fiber and will broaden visual pulse. Function dispersion represents an important position in multimode fiber, while chromatic dispersion or intramodal dispersion is the key system in single mode fiber. Now, single-mode fiber is trusted, so it is crucial to evaluate the dispersion and know the characteristics of dispersion. References Amiri, I.S., Nikoukar, A. Ali, J. 2013, Nonlinear chaotic signals generation transmission within an optical fiber communication link,IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP),3(1), pp.52-57. Barankov, R. Mertz, J. 2015, May. High-throughput imaging of self-luminous objects through a single optical fiber, InLasers Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2015 Conference on(pp. 1-2). IEEE. Brasch, V., Geiselmann, M., Herr, T., Lihachev, G., Pfeiffer, M.H., Gorodetsky, M.L. Kippenberg, T.J. 2016, Photonic chipbased optical frequency comb using soliton Cherenkov radiation,Science,351(6271), pp.357-360. Bufetov, I.A., Melkumov, M.A., Firstov, S.V., Riumkin, K.E., Shubin, A.V., Khopin, V.F., Guryanov, A.N. Dianov, E.M. 2014, Bi-doped optical fibers fiber lasers,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,20(5), pp.111-125. Dar, R., Feder, M., Mecozzi, A. Shtaif, M. 2013, Properties of nonlinear noise in long, dispersion-uncompensated fiber links,Optics Express,21(22), pp.25685-25699. DeCusatis, C. ed. 2013,Hbook of fiber optic data communication: a practical guide to optical networking, Academic Press. Futami, F. Hirota, O. 2014, July, 100 Gbit/s (10 10 Gbit/s) Y-00 cipher transmission over 120 km for secure optical fiber communication between data centers, InOptical Fibre Technology, 2014 OptoElectronics Communication Conference Australian Conference on(pp. 4-6). IEEE. Kitayama, K.I., Maruta, A. Yoshida, Y. 2014, Digital coherent technology for optical fiber radio-over-fiber transmission systems,Journal of Lightwave Technology,32(20), pp.3411-3420. Kschischang, F.R. 2015, March, Information-theoretic limits on coherent nonlinear optical-fiber communication, InOptical Fiber Communication Conference(pp. W3K-1), Optical Society of America. Leo, F., Mussot, A., Kockaert, P., Emplit, P., Haelterman, M. Taki, M. 2013, Nonlinear symmetry breaking induced by third-order dispersion in optical fiber cavities,Physical review letters,110(10), p.104103. Lopez, O., Kanj, A., Pottie, P.E., Rovera, D., Achkar, J., Chardonnet, C., Amy-Klein, A. Santarelli, G. 2013, Simultaneous remote transfer of accurate timing optical frequency over a public fiber network,Applied Physics B,110(1), pp.3-6. Okumura, Y. Terada, J. 2014, March, Optical network technologies architectures for backhaul/fronthaul of future radio access supporting big mobile data, InOptical Fiber Communication Conference(pp. Tu3F-1), Optical Society of America. Romaniuk, R.S., Dorosz, J., Wjcik, W., Mergo, P. Buczy?ski, R. 2015, December, Optical fiber technology in Pol: four decades of development 1975-2015, InOptical Fibers Their Applications 2015(Vol. 9816, p. 981603), International Society for Optics Photonics. Temprana, E., Myslivets, E., Kuo, B.P., Liu, L., Ataie, V., Alic, N. Radic, S. 2015, Overcoming Kerr-induced capacity limit in optical fiber transmission,Science,348(6242), pp.1445-1448. Udayakumar, R., Khanaa, V. Saravanan, T. 2013, Chromatic dispersion compensation in optical fiber communication system its simulation,Indian Journal of Science Technology,6(6), pp.4762-4766. Uddin, M.N., Rahman, D.M.M. Ali, M.S. 2015, Performance analysis of different loss mechanisms in optical fiber communication,Computer Applications: An International Journal (CAIJ),2(2). Walczak, P., Roux, S. Suret, P. 2015, Optical rogue waves in integrable turbulence,Physical review letters,114(14), p.143903. Winzer, P.J. 2015, Scaling optical fiber networks: Challenges solutions,Optics Photonics News,26(3), pp.28-35. Woyessa, G., Nielsen, K., Stefani, A., Markos, C. Bang, O. 2016, Temperature insensitive hysteresis free highly sensitive polymer optical fiber Bragg grating humidity sensor,Optics express,24(2), pp.1206-1213. Zuo, D.W., Gao, Y.T., Xue, L., Feng, Y.J. Sun, Y.H. 2015, Rogue waves for the generalized nonlinear SchrdingerMaxwellBloch system in optical-fiber communication,Applied Mathematics Letters,40, pp.78-83.

Mrs. Brownrigg free essay sample

My friend, Jen, called me last Sunday evening, and I was ready to gossip about the dance the night before. I soon realized by the tone of her voice that she had something more important to talk about. Sullenly she asked, Have you heard? Mrs. Brownrigg passed away this morning. l was shocked. I thought she was getting better she was going to come home soon. Jen was kidding right? Unfortunately, she was not joking. Mrs. Brownrigg had been a teacher at my high school, but she had not only been a teacher, she was the mother of a classmate and friend. She had never been my English teacher, but she touched so many peoples hearts in her twelve years of teaching at Old Orchard Beach High School. She was respected by her students, co-teachers, and everyone she came in contact with. She always looked at the bright side of life, and helped many people out of the dark. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Brownrigg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was my Peer Helpers advisor and a friend. I never missed the sparkle that glowed from her eyes, something you rarely see every day. It could always make me smile. Some of the best memories that I have are of the spaghetti suppers she would host for my field hockey and softball teams. We would all squeeze into her kitchen and dinning room to eat before a big game. I remember seeing her shiver with the other parents on cold marching band nights, congratulating and critiquing our performance. On Tuesday, when we returned to school, it was hard for my classmates and me to see teachers so distressed. They are models of such strong people. That was the beginning of a long, tough week. On Thursday my mother and friends drove to Saco for the services. I could not handle seeing the red, puffy eyed relatives and friends. I began to cry. I made it through the visiting, and retreated outside to the cool, refreshing air. There, friends comforted each other and conversed. I was surprised to see so many students. My friends and I walked into the small church, and sat together for comfort. The setting was different from what I was used to with the plain church, female head, and the ceremony. These were nothing like the Catholic traditions I had grown up with. It was much more personal. Her daughters, brothers, parents, and many students and friends got up to relate their wonderful memories. Sarah, only recently a good friend, sat next to me and we comforted each other during the hardest times. It hurt to see Steve, and other boys, the symbol of strength, bent over. The funeral ended with the song Ill Be There that sent everyone into more tears. My friends and I headed to the front of the church to pay our last respects and console Heather, her daughter. We hugged and cried, but even then my friends couldnt ease my pain. I turned to Alicia, I need to hug my mother! I saw my mother and flung my arms around her neck like a child saying, I love you so much, Mommy! Mrs. Brownrigg touched many lives. She gave me her smiles, encouragement, and her joy throughout her long battle with cancer, but she also gave me something that means much more. I wish that it had not happened because of her death and that I could thank her for it now. She showed me how to respect, love, and be grateful for my parents, which I sometimes forget.

Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale

A story of a licentious woman, a love triangle gone awry, a misplaced kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above phrase could be used to describe almost any work in the fabliau genre. On the surface, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are just another pair of fabliaux. Each seems to be just another simple, obscene tale meant to amuse and entertain the common people. The Heile of Beersele may, indeed, be another entertaining story; however, it is apparent that Chaucer had other motives when writing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His tale, unlike the Heile of Beersele, mocks the hypocrisy, misogyny, and faith of the Church and its members. Although the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele seem strikingly similar upon first read, Chaucer wrote the Miller’s Tale, not as a form of entertainment, but as a form of criticism of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church maintained a faà §ade that was idealistic by nature. It expected its followers to be exemplars of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in actuality, they were far from that. Even, the popes, the highest members in the Church hierarchy, were corrupt. Chaucer addresses this hypocrisy in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† specifically through the character of Absalom, the parish clerk. Unlike the author of the description of the priest in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer provides a lengthy description of Absalom, also mentioning him repeatedly throughout the story. Absalom’s sin was not his chasing of a married woman, but the fact that, instead of living the life of a chaste clergyman, he was lustful for Alison and every other woman. The following is Chaucer’s description of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the parish faste;/And many a lovely look on hem he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch... Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale A story of a licentious woman, a love triangle gone awry, a misplaced kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above phrase could be used to describe almost any work in the fabliau genre. On the surface, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are just another pair of fabliaux. Each seems to be just another simple, obscene tale meant to amuse and entertain the common people. The Heile of Beersele may, indeed, be another entertaining story; however, it is apparent that Chaucer had other motives when writing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His tale, unlike the Heile of Beersele, mocks the hypocrisy, misogyny, and faith of the Church and its members. Although the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele seem strikingly similar upon first read, Chaucer wrote the Miller’s Tale, not as a form of entertainment, but as a form of criticism of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church maintained a faà §ade that was idealistic by nature. It expected its followers to be exemplars of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in actuality, they were far from that. Even, the popes, the highest members in the Church hierarchy, were corrupt. Chaucer addresses this hypocrisy in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† specifically through the character of Absalom, the parish clerk. Unlike the author of the description of the priest in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer provides a lengthy description of Absalom, also mentioning him repeatedly throughout the story. Absalom’s sin was not his chasing of a married woman, but the fact that, instead of living the life of a chaste clergyman, he was lustful for Alison and every other woman. The following is Chaucer’s description of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the parish faste;/And many a lovely look on hem he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch...

Sociology Of Education And The Role Of Education In Society Case Study - 3

Sociology Of Education And The Role Of Education In Society - Case Study Example According to Alan Barcan(1993), the word ‘sociology’ has come from the Latin word ‘socii’ meaning ‘groups’ or ‘allies’. This means that sociology is the study of social groups. The word ‘sociology’ was first used by Auguste Comte in 1837 and it was rough during the days of Comte, it has been explained by Craig J. Calhoun, & Joseph Gerteis(2007) that theories began to be sociological. Theories began to focus on social life as an object of study. This new perspective of the social side of human existence developed, argue Craig. J. et al (2007), due to the rise of science, individualism, modern states, large scale capitalistic markets, modern industry, and European explorations and colonization. Thus, as man’s life expanded beyond his town or village, he began to study to, to use the words of The British Sociological Association (BSA) ‘how society is organized and how we experience life’. Let us see the definition given by American Sociological Association (ASA) and find out where we can place education in the domain of sociology: This definition, especially its last point, tells us how sociology is related to education since it is a unification of all studies of mankind. Thus ‘sociology of education’ and ‘educational sociology’ are the sub-disciplines of sociology and education. Education of an individual is not only confined to an individual’s life but it is also a social phenomenon in reciprocal terms. An individual is influenced by society when he gets an education and, in turn, he may influence society after getting an education. All the people of great genius like Aristotle, Confucius, Homer, Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, Michelangelo, William Shakespeare, Abraham Lincoln, Mother Teresa, Nelson Mandela, and others in different fields, influenced society.

Problem-based Learning (PBL) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem-based Learning (PBL) - Essay Example Although this concept was initially used by the medical school of thought, today it is widely employed in the field of nursing education also. As scholars point out, problem based learning can be very effective in nursing education because this concept is capable of enhancing patient safety. This paper will discuss a nursing situation where problem based learning activity is performed to develop problem solving and critical thinking skills. The paper will also analyze how this type of study design can be applied to teaching practice. Problem Based Learning (PBL) The article ‘Problem solving strategies used by RN to BSN students in an online problem based learning course’ written by Oldenburg and Hung (2010) illustrates that elements of problem based learning process including ‘active learning, analysis and synthesis, collaboration, and learning in the context’ can significantly contribute to the development of problem solving and critical thinking skills in nursing students. The major purpose of this article is to gain understanding of students’ problems solving experiences in an online problem based learning environment. The article gives particular focus to various problem solving strategies used by students and changes identified in those strategies throughout the semester. The authors conduct this study based on the problem based learning and the community of inquiry models. The community of inquiry model outlines the essential elements of higher education success in an online environment such as social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence (Oldenburg & Hung). In this research work, a qualitative-case study approach was employed to obtain extensive information and deep understanding of various problem solving strategies chosen by a group of learners in a problem based learning course. RN to BSN nursing students, enrolled in an online pathophysiology course were the participants in this study. Under this study, each group of students were asked to identify the patient’s primary condition and relevant pathophysiology and to make decisions in order to assess the problem solving strategies used by students. The research findings indicated that problem solving is a dynamic process, and students change their strategies between the phases rather than continuing their work in a sequential manner. According to Oldenburg and Hung, the problem based learning activities really assist students to effectively deal with processes like problem recognition, information gathering, construction of meaning, and problem resolution. Cooper and Carver (2012) assert that the problem based learning can greatly aid students to define each problem using their past experiences and knowledge. It was observed that students analyzed the problem information to determine which information was to form a good understanding of the problem. Using their previous experiences, students could easily recognize relevant fac ts and the additional information required to diagnose the problem. The authors opine that the most advantageous feature of this problem based learning activity is that students can identify their own knowledge gaps. Referring to Cooper and Carver, under the problem based learning approach, students used their past experiences to guide research with the help of shared information obtained from textbooks, scholarly articles, and other online resources. In addition to gathering

Compare and contrast a work of art in a specific classification Essay

Compare and contrast a work of art in a specific classification (Renaissance or Gothic) - Essay Example Renaissance paintings such as A young Hare and Sistine Chapel Ceiling marked the turning-point from the Medieval Era to the early Modern Age in European. The creation of the paintings in 1502 and 1508 respectively, clearly marked the huge influence of the Renaissance sensibilities that are believed to have taken off in the early 16th century. This paper compares and contrasts A young Hare and Sistine Chapel Ceiling. A Young Hare (fig. 1) is a painting that was made in 1502 by an artist known as Albrecht Dà ¼rer. The item measures 25cm by 23 cm and is available in a repertoire set up by the Graphische Sammlung, Albertina, Vienna (Nichols, 2013). The Northern Renaissance piece of art was created in the German artist’s workshop in 1502, and since then it has been popularly referred to as a classic example of an observational masterpiece. The English title of the item â€Å"The Young Hare† is ironically used to refer to the rather mature animal. Perhaps the German name â€Å"Feldhase† which literally means Field Hare is a more suitable title for the masterpiece. Durer made numerous visits to Italy from his homeland, Germany, during his long career perhaps to grasp and use some of the best qualities of Renaissance art in his work. Upon his comeback to Nuremburg in 1495, the artist opened a workspace where he made The Young Hare and several other items. As Nichols (2013) has said, Durer created the painting using a combination of body colour or gouache and watercolour; materials that he is known to have used almost on every item he made. The painting portrays a lonely hare, which is a clear depiction of the confusion and gloom facing the ancient European society in the wake of a dying Medieval Era and the uncertainty of the philosophical influences of the early Modern Age. Despite the solitary, thoughtful mood of the art, Durer managed to present a highly comprehensive and perfect depiction of a hare. The colour of the hare is a blend of

Quantity Surveying Challenges

Quantity Surveying Challenges In future day, the prospect of a quantity surveyor will being an interesting issue to discuss due to the various services, knowledge, and skill it provided. The liability of the role of quantity surveyor will be concerned in the aspects of ability and characteristic of them to adapt in the future development. There will be suspicion toward on how a quantity surveyor going to survive within the threats and opportunities faced in future. The form of perception in quantity surveyor will be redefined in the conditions of breakthrough from the traditional mode. According to Marcel Frei and Jasper Mbachu (2009 ), it stated that Every profession evolves in response to the ever-increasing changes in the global business environment. In order to remain relevant, globally competitive and successful, the Quantity Surveyors need to constantly scan their business landscape to discern new directions and to adapt to imminent changes in their professional practice.Fadhlin Abdullah and Ismail Haron (2007) said that The environments for quantity surveying practice have changed along with the countrys rapid economic development. The roles of quantity surveyors have also evolved along with the changes. Future development prospects and changes will have implications on the development of the profession.RICS (1998) indicated that The QS Think Tank Report noted that many regular clients are critical of traditional quantity surveying services and are demanding a different and more comprehensive range of services that is proactive, customer orientated and suppo rted by significantly better management and business skills. Scope of Study This paper will focus on the types of changes and challenges influencing the quantity surveyor on their future practices. The study will determine the factors that lead to change in quantity surveying job. This study will focus on the external factors which are the threats and opportunities that would imperil and optimize the career of quantity surveyor in future. The research will only be bounded in city nearby Kuala Lumpur due to the limitation in carry out the job. There will be around 20 QS firms and 50 Registered QS being investigated for the findings of necessary information and data. It is because the KL is the most developed city in Malaysia, and as a result the KL QS firms will confronted the most innovation and evolution due to the rapid growth in changes of development. Hence, the outcomes of result will be reliable. Background Generally, a quantity surveyor is a professional in the construction industry which their role is concerned with construction cost in a project. In inception or design stage of a project, quantity surveyor shall prepare a preliminary estimating and cost planning for design brief, and advice for procurement method suitable for the project. In tendering process stage, quantity surveyor shall prepare for Bill of Quantity, tender documents, tender reports, and contract documents which to select a contractor for the project. A quantity surveyor basically should requires the technique to measuring quantities from the drawings prepared by designers, which known as Taking Off and it is means to figure out the quantities of work where is used to prepare Bill of Quantity. Then the Bill of Quantity is purposely for the contractor to fill in prices inside in order to determine out the construction cost. During construction stage, a quantity surveyor shall provide services like valuation of works for interim, evaluations and certificates, contractual advice, and prepare final account after completion of construction stage. Those services stated on above are likely the traditional perception of the job of quantity surveyor. In latter day, the Quantity Surveyor with the other professionals in construction industry seems to have some significant changes. The traditional technical and professional services of quantity surveyors still relate to measurement and documentations, price, value and cost of construction, pre- and post- tender management, contract administration, and final account. Those services contribute as the main income for the majority part of QS practices. Nevertheless, there are exist of approaches to newer areas on procurement included Private Finance Initiative (PFI) / Public Private Partnerships (PPP), privatization, construction law and dispute resolution, socio-economic development, governance and else. There are now getting more of cooperative approaching like partnering which have been seen as a shift in utilize of traditional methods of procurement and it shown a number of challenges to the QS profession, practices and academic. The QS profession is not even more just stay in standing still and has evolved to the development of new services which concern on risk and value management, facilities management, construction project management, project financing, international construction, contract administration, sustainability, legal and environmental services. Such development is innovated in order to response the changes required by the procuring clients. Those services provided by the profession are not bounded anymore by the traditional form which implicated that new service and greater competition will be arise internally and externally from the profession. Quantity Surveyor job also can be related with the extension, refurbishment, maintenance and demolition of a facility. Notwithstanding, construction industry is global and extends across all real estate and infrastructure markets. Nowadays, Quantity surveyor job cover in all sector of the construction industry worldwide, which in real estate it including on Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Leisure, Agricultural, and Retail. In infrastructure, the sector including Roads, Railways, Airports, Waterways, Seaports, Coastal defenses, Power generation and Utilities. Also, Quantity Surveyor job can be linked to in process engineering, such as chemical engineering plants or oil rigs. Absolutely, they need to understand all aspect relevant to the whole life of a building or facility. They also necessary to require the capability to admin cost effectively, equating quality and value which personally deal with demand of client. Importance of Study This study is purposely to provide an overview of perception in career of quantity surveyor practices in future. It is to allow the practitioner of quantity surveyor under education stage to gain understand on the field which they are going to explore in future. The research will grant them with the information of knowledge, technique, and skills which they are required in future career in order to allow them to adapt easily with future trend development. It is also to provide them with a new perception to well prepare on their self so that they are readily and able to face those challenges in future. Research Methodology The study for the exploration on other areas will started by secondary data resource in literature review to find the essential resources which from reading relevant magazine, journal, newspaper and book. The searching from internet will be applied by viewing the relevant authorized articles, thesis, research and related website. The data and statistic for the exploration will expected to gain from the statistic department and organization such as CIDB, BQSM, ISM, RICS and others. The finding for threats and opportunities will obtained by primary data resource in survey questionnaire which distributed to those professional of Register QS in order to get some data analysis. Then a series of interview will be undertaken to identify and investigate for more details and specify issue which come from their own opinion and ideal whereby it is unable to obtain from survey questionnaire.

Bloomsbury and Its Make-Up :: Bloomsbury History Literature Essays

Bloomsbury and Its Make-Up Literature and Art were very important in the early 1900’s. Someone could always turn to a book or a painting to help them be more relaxed and feel more comfortable. One of the major groups of the early 1900’s that had both aspects of literature and art was the Bloomsbury group. This group was made up of a number of people, who shared similar interests and views. One of the more notable writers in the 1900’s, Virginia Woolf was a member of the Bloomsberries. Many of her novels have been heavily criticized and talked about throughout the years. Virginia Woolf as well as other members of the Bloomsbury group led very radical lives which led to radical art. The history of the Bloomsbury Group, with a special emphasis on its association in art and literature, has been well told(Dowling 11). "The Bloomsbury Group, an informal coterie of writers, artists and critics who settled early this century in the district of that name in London, has long been in danger of suffocating beneath a slagheap of nostalgia"(Economist 102). They made Bloomsbury Square in London the center if activities from 1904 to W.W.II. This group included, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, Leonard Woolf, E.M. Forster, V. Sackville-West, Roger Fry, Clive Bell, John Maynard Keynes and Vanessa Bell. Four of the members had gone to Cambridge in 1899 and they were immediately taken by the intellectual air of the University as opposed to the sterility and boredom of other schools they had attended. Every Bloomsbury who attended Cambridge thrived there. "Body and spirit, reason and emotion, work and play, architecture and scenery, laughter and seriousness, life and art, these pairs which elsewhere contrasted were there fused into one" (http://www.feminista.com). Bloomsbury was always under fire. This is the common fate of all groups, coteries and cliques, particularly if they have sufficient liveliness to make a new contribution to the thought of their time. Bloomsbury certainly has not been left out from the variations of aesthetic feeling and today its situation is similar to the Pre-Raphaelites forty years ago. "Bloomsbury however was unlike the Pre-Raphaelites in that it had been criticized from a bewilderingly large number of points of view" (Bell 10). The Bloomsbury Group has been praised as a hothouse for writing talent. The founders main concern was to maintain that "magic quality" they had discovered at Cambridge. There was no formal membership list or leader or set of rules to follow.

Vikram Sarabhai Essays and Term Papers

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) MCA/ASSIGN/III/YEAR/2012 ASSIGNMENTS Year, 2012-13 (3rd Semester) (MCS-031, MCS-032, MCS-033, MCS-034, MCS-035, MCSL-36) There are ten questions in this assignment, which carries 80 marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions. You may use illustration and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the MCA Programme Guide for the format of presentation. The examples, whenever asked to be given, should be different from those that are discussed in the course material.Question1: Using Insertion Sort, sort the following sequence in increasing (10 marks) order and do the analysis of the algorithm: 35, 37, 18, 15, 40, 12 Question 2: Write a pseudocode for divide and conquer algorithm for finding the position of an array of n numbers and estimate the number of key comparisons made by your algorithm. (10 marks) Question 3: Apply quicksort to sort the following list: Q U I C K S O R T (10 marks) in alphabetical order. Find the element whose position is unchanged in the sorted list. Question 4: Write Strassen’s matrix multiplications algorithm for obtaining the product of two matrices. 10 marks) Question 5: (i) Define DFS. Explain briefly how it differs from BFS. (10 marks) (ii) Write pseudocode for DFS and calculate its time complexity Question 6: Apply Kruskal’s algorithm to find minimal spanning tree with an example. (10 marks) Question7: Arrange the following growth rates in increasing order: O (3n), O (n2), O (1), O (n log n) Question 8: Using Principle of Mathematical Induction, prove that the sum 20 + 21 +†¦+ 2n is 2n +1 – 1 for all n ? 1. (4 marks) (6 marks) Question 9: Define Knapsack Problem and cite one instance of the problem. (5 arks) Question 10: Explain the essential idea of Dynamic Programming. How does Dynamic Programming differ from Divide and conquer approach for solving problems? (5 marks) 3 Course Code Course Titlle Assignment Number Assignment Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-032 Object Oriented Analysis and Design MCA(3)/032/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are eight questions in this assignment, which carried 80 marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions.Make necessary assumptions where ever required. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Program Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: What is Object Orientation? Explain features of Object Oriented approach of system design. Why it is better than Structured approach of system design. (10 Marks) What is UML? Briefly explain, different UML Diagrams used for Modeling. Question 2: (10 Marks) Question 3: What is class diagrams? Explain how classes are identified in designing of an object oriented system, with the help of an example. (10 Marks) What is generalization?Explain how it is different from specialization with an example. Question 4: (10 Marks) Question 5: What is dynamic model? Also explain how it is different from object model. (10 Marks) Question 6: What is state diagram ? Differentiate between a simple state diagram and a composite state diagram. Draw state diagram for Railway Reservation System. (10 Marks) What is Bi-directional Implementation? Explain advantages of Bi- directional Implementation with example. (10 Marks) What is ternary association? Explain how ternary associations are mapped into tables with an example. (10 Marks)Question 7: Question 8: 4 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-033 Advanced Discrete Mathematics MCA(3)/033/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are FIVE questions of total 80 marks in this assignment. Answer all questions. 20 Marks are for viva-voce. You may use illu strations and diagrams to enhance explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation.Question 1: (a) Using Karnaugh map, simplify X': A'BC'D'+ ABCD+ ABCD'+ ABCD' (5 Marks) (b) Describe Konigsberg’s 7 bridges problem and Euler's solution to it. B (5 Marks) (c) Show that the sum of the degrees of all vertices of a graph is twice the number of edges in the graph. (5 Marks) Question 2: (a) Let G be a non directed graph with 12 edges. If G has 5 vertices each of degree 3 and the rest have degree less than 3, what is the minimum number of vertices G can have? (5 Marks) (b) What is Graph Cloning? Explain K-edge cloning with an example. (5 Marks) c) Let f(n)= 5 f(n/ 2) + 3 and f(1) = 7. Find f(2k) where k is a positive integer. Also estimate f(n) if f is an increasing function. (5 Marks) Question 3: (a) Define r-regular graph. Give an example of 3-regular graph. (5 Marks) (b) f is bijective function with Ra nge of f as the (5 Marks) 5 (c) What are isomorphic graphs? Are the graphs given below isomorphic? Explain why? (7 Marks) a b 1 d c 3 4 2 (i) (ii) (4 Marks) (d) What is connected Graph? Construct a graph with chromatic number 5. Question 4: (a) Solve following recurrence relations i) = + n, =2 (9 Marks) sing substitution method ii) iii) 9 = (b) Write a short note on Tower of Hanoi Problem. How can it be solved using recursion ? Question 5: (a) Show that for subgraph H of a graph G ? (H) ? ? (G) (b) What is Divide and Concuer relations? Explain with an example? (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (c) Find a power series associated with the problem where we have to find a number of ways to select 10 people to form and expert committee from 6 Professors and 12 Associate Professors. (4 Marks) (d) Tree is a Bipartite Graph† justify the statement with an example? (4 Marks) 6Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-034 Sof tware Engineering MCA(3)/034/Assign/12 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has one question for 80 marks. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: Assume that you are assigned responsibility of developing a Student Admission System (SAS).Admissions take place through various modes such as accepting applications by post, online etc. SAS should accept data from all modes and create a merit list for admissions to various programmes offered by the University. For developing SAS as specified above, (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Which SDLC paradigm will be selected. Justify your answer. List the functional and non-functional requirements. Estimate cost Estimate effort Develop SRS using IEEE format (20 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (30 marks) 7 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : :MCS-035 Accountancy and Financial Management MCA (3)/035/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has five questions. Answer all questions. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: From the following Trial Balance of Rama Nand Sagar, prepare Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st December, 2011 and a Balance Sheet as on that date:Dr.Balances Opening Stock Purchases Sales Return Carriage Inwards Carriage Outwards Wages Salaries Plant & Machinery Furniture Sundry Debtors Bills Receivable Cash in Hand Travelling Expenses Lighting Rent and Taxes General Expenses Insurance Drawings Rs. 20,000 80,00 0 6,000 3,600 800 42,000 27,500 90,000 8,000 52,000 2,500 6,300 3,700 1,400 7,200 10,500 1,500 18,000 3,81,000 Cr. Balances Sales Purchase Return Discount Sundry Creditors Bills Payable Capital Rs. 2,70,000 4,000 5,200 25,000 1,800 75,000 3,81,000 8 Adjustments:(1) Stock on 31st December, 2011 was valued at Rs. 24,000 (Market Value Rs. 0,000). (2) Wages outstanding for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 3,000. (3) Salaries outstanding for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 2,500. (4) Prepaid insurance amounted to Rs. 300. (5) Provide depreciation on Plant and Machinery at 5% and on Furniture at 20%. (20Marks) Question 2: Following are the balance sheets of a limited company as on 31st December, 2010 and 2011. Liabilities 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. Assets 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. Share Capital Reserves B. & L A/c Bank Loan (Long-term) Creditors Bills Payable 64,000 13,000 8,600 25,000 38,000 8,000 1,56,600 84,000 15,500 8,800 –34,000 8,500 1,50,800Goodwill Buildings Plant Stock Debtors Cash Bank 3,00 0 50,950 35,000 25,500 42,000 150 –1,56,600 2,250 48,000 43,000 18,800 36,200 180 2,100 1,50,800 Taking into account the following additional information, you are re-required to prepare funds flow statement and statement of changes in working capital. (a) Dividend paid was Rs. 6,000/(b) Rs. 3,600/- was written off as depreciation on plant and Rs. 2,950/- on buildings. (c) Profit on sale of plant was Rs. 3,000/(20 Marks) 9 Question 3: The following are the ratios extracted from the Balance Sheet of a company as on 31st Dec 2011. Draw up the Balance Sheet of the company.Current Liabilities Current Assets Liquidity Ratio Stock Turnover Ratio (Based on COGS) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio (Based on sale) Gross Profit as percentage of sales Debtor collection period Working capital Shareholders Capital Reserve and Surplus 1. 0 2. 5 1. 5 6 2 20% 2 Months Rs. 3, 00,000 Rs. 5, 00,000 Rs. 2, 50,000 (20 Marks) Question 4: Critically examine the various methods of evaluation of capital budg eting proposals? Explain the significance and application of the technique of discounted cash-flow. (20 Marks) Question 5: What do you mean by receivable management? What are its objectives?Explain the dimensions of receivable management. (20 Marks) 10 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCSL-036 Lab Course MCA (3)/036L/Assign/2012 100 25% 31st October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 30th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has three sections. Answer all the questions in each section. Section 1 and Section 2 are of 13 marks each. The lab records related to these sections also carries 13 marks each. Section 3 and lab records related to section 3 carry 14 marks each. Rest 20 marks are for viva voce.You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. SECTION 1: MCS-032 Qu estion 1: Ram and Shyam are starting a breakfast in a small town. They will have three bedrooms for guests. They want to develop software service to manage the reservations and to monitor expenses and profits. When a potential customer calls for a reservation, they will check the calendar, and if there is a vacancy, they will enter the customer name, address, phone number, dates, agreed upon price, credit card number, and room number(s).Reservations must be guaranteed by 1 day’s payment. Reservations will be held without guarantee for an agreed upon time. If not guaranteed by that date, the reservation will be dropped. i) Draw at least two use case diagrams and define all the classes. ii) Draw the Sequence and Collaboration Diagrams. iii) Draw the Class Diagrams. iv) Draw the State Transition Diagram. v) Draw the Component Deployment Model. SECTION 2: MCS-034 Question 1: An automobile dealer wants to automate its inventory. It can record all of the cars that a customer purcha ses. It records all repairs. It records all arriving shipments of repair parts.The dealer wants daily reports on total daily repairs, daily sales, and total inventory. This report is called â€Å"dailyreport. † The dealer also keeps track of all customers and potential customers that visit the dealership. The dealer also wants a monthly report showing all visits and purchases by customers listed by day of the month. The dealer also wants the ability to query about any customer or potential customer. (2 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (2 marks) 11 i) Develop the SRS by performing requirements study. ii) Identify various processes of the system and generate the DFD’s for the system.You may use any software to develop the DFD. iii) Design the ER diagram for the company and do the database design giving all the constraints. iv) Perform the detailed procedural design for any two processes. (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) v) Create at least four test cases for e ach of the procedures designed in part (iv) (2 marks) vi) Suggest some security mechanism for the usage of the system with various privileges. (2 marks) vii) Draw the PERT diagram for the given set of tasks and dependencies. Complete the table showing the critical path and the slack time. 2 marks) SECTION 3: MCS-035 Question 1: Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss A/c of Mr. Sanyam and Balance Sheet from the following balances extracted from books for the year ending 31st March 2009: (14 marks) Trial Balance of Mr. Sanyam as on 31st March, 2009 Dr. Amount (Rs. ) 1,520 17,425 10,000 900 4,000 2,750 50 100 50 100 100 150 300 500 18,750 150 Cr. Amount (Rs. ) Particulars Cash Account Bank Account Machinery Account Furniture A/c Stock (1-4-2005) Purchase A/c Discount Allowed Repair A/c Cartage A/c Municipal Taxes Advertising A/c Rent A/c Salaries Bad debts A/c Capital Bad debts recovered A/c 2 Discount Received Sales Loan @ 12% p. a. Shyam Bros. 37,945 45 15,000 2,000 2,000 37,945 Following adjustment are to be made: (i) Salaries Outstanding Rs. 200, Prepaid Rent Rs. 50. (ii) Provide depreciation on machinery at 10%; write off furniture by 20%. (iii) Interest on loan has been due for one year and remained unpaid. (iv) Write off Rs. 400 which are not to be paid to Shyam Bros. (v) Provide interest on capital @6% p. a. for full year. (vi) Value of closing stock on 31. 3. 2006 was Rs. 8,000. 13

The Aboriginal Experience †Struggles For Rights And Freedom

The Aboriginal Experience – Struggles For Rights And Freedom The Aboriginal Experience - Struggles For Rights And Freedom The Aboriginal Experience - Struggles For Rights And Freedom"Throughout the second half of the twentieth century many Aboriginal people have experienced struggles for rights and freedoms." The struggle for Aboriginal and Islander Land Rights is the longest-running political conflict in Australia's history. The issue of Aboriginal land rights in Australia has existed for over 200 years, and the process still has some way to go. Why is land so important to Aboriginal people's history and beliefs? They have maintained their fight for land justice against the odds, and despite a history of continued dispossession and alienation from land. Some significant areas of land and social rights have now been achieved. It wasn't until the passing of the Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 and the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 that Indigenous people were not included as citizens of Australia, and could therefore not vote. When white Australia celebrated 150 years of settlement on January 26 1938, Aboriginal people in Sydney marked it as a Day of Mourning. Aboriginal Embassy and Mount Ainslie 29-10-06 They stated that there was little for Aboriginal people to celebrate, and mocked the claims of white Australians to be a "civilised, progressive, kindly and humane nation". During 1900-1950's, hardships for Aboriginals continued and their push for equal rights and freedom were meaningless to the government. This was shown with the government policy to take Aboriginal children from their families and place them in missions. Once there they would be given new identities and live in a harsh environment where they would be made to live in a 'White mans way' and forget their past culture. This would later be known as the Stolen Generation. The 1960s saw a lot of change; but most Aboriginal people in the early twenty-first century might argue that the changes have not achieved enough nor come...

Where to order a perfect cover letter

Where to order a perfect cover letter Cover letter writing When you start looking for a job, you need to send potential employers your application work and a cover letter. The majority of students consider writing such letters rather complicated. Nevertheless, it is the most efficient way of presenting yourself. That is why you should write this paper appropriately to show that you are a suitable applicant for the offered job position. In order to write a good work, you should provide detailed information about yourself. Do not forget to describe your significant educational accomplishments. Remember that the primary purpose of your resume cover letter is to impress a prospective employer. If you do everything in the right way, you will be invited for a job interview for sure. Therefore, try hard to produce an exclusive paper that will show your valuable qualities.If you want to write a unique paper, keep in mind the following tips:Make a proper cover letter format. There is no need to use extraordinary fonts or highlight some words. State clear reasons for sending your CV to the chosen company. Indicate whether you are interested in full-time or part-time employment. Ask about career prospects. When writing a cover letter, you should inform the employer about the way you have found out about the position you are applying for. If you have browsed a website of the agency, the employer will understand that you have a deep desire to work in the selected company. You may also tell the name of a person who has advised you to send you resume to a particular organization. Grab employers attention. If you write a good cover letter, it will be read from beginning to end. However, if it is poorly written, an employer will put it aside together with hundreds of other job applications. When preparing this work, you should emphasize that you can help the company grow. You should mention that your resume contains more detailed information about your experience. Thus, a personnel manager will definitely want to read it. Demonstrate your abilities. This is a helpful piece of advice as well as the cover letter tips mentioned above. Make sure that your paper does not contain mistakes. In order to make your work superior, you may tell a joke relating to the job. Indicate contact information. Provide your e-mail or phone number in your cover letter.The best cover letter has to persuade the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the offered position. Do not hesitate to display your great skills. If you do not understand how to produce an outstanding paper, feel free to turn to us for expert assistance.

Development plan for strengthening scholarship and professional life Assignment

Development plan for strengthening scholarship and professional life - Assignment Example A scholarship enables an individual to make educational advancement in improving professional performance within the nursing profession. The personal development plan remains essential in ensuring improvement of both the professional and scholarship lives. Within the professional life as a nurse, the fundamental role remains the provision of nursing care to individuals who require the services. The functions undertaken as a nurse have been fundamental in determining the quality of services offered within the profession. The fundamental requirements in undertaking the various responsibilities include different skills, which are essential in performing various functions. Communication remains a basic requirement within this profession as individuals must communicate in seeking to gather information from individuals being provided with care. Effectiveness of the services delivered in the nursing profession remains highly dependent on effective communication. This enables one to understand the other individuals and the patients receiving care as well. Working relationships with other professional employees also presents a significant impact upon the services delivered within the healthcare sector. Many of the care services are provided by different professional in achieving holistic care. The relationships existing between these professional have fundamental effect in care delivery and establishment of good relationships remains a basic requirement for the ole of a nurse. Knowledge and understanding enables one to effectively manage the various situations which commonly face nurses within the profession. The knowledge is commonly gained from educational training and work experience, as well (Sinclair & Ferguson, 2009). This remains one of the fundamental aspects required in ensuring effective delivery of healthcare services. Continuous improvement of the above aspects remains

Liberal and Realists view on NAFTA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberal and Realists view on NAFTA - Essay Example The following paper compares and contrasts liberal and realist views on NAFTA. Liberals argue that free trade is advantageous only when the margin is not at risk of economic manipulation by the central player in the agreement, which is the United States in NAFTA’s case (Chan 7). This argument comes from advocates who believe in the protection of individual freedoms and civil rights, including uncompromising interests like natural surroundings. In contrast, realist advocates emphasize the core significance of power and economic interests. These emphases revolve around the principles of intergovernmentalism, least-common denominator negotiating, and stern limits on future handovers of independence (Chan 12). This realist view suits the most recent events in North America in the course of its regional presence despite originating from the EU. Liberals are against government involvement in top economic projects or activities through projectionist regulations like duties, grants, and quotas (Chan 9). Realists’ logic on government involvement is that a country’s welfare is the main concern over international objectives (Chan 16). Liberals’ focus is on general economic development as proven by rises in GDP. This basis means liberals expected NAFTA to generate a rise in exports of products and services, raise employment rates, raise overseas investments, and trigger general economic growth. In comparison, realists believe a nation should accumulate wealth and power through self-adequacy. As a result, realists were directly against a free trade convention such as NAFTA during its formation in the early 1990s since it endangered the local manufacturing industry through competition and forms trade shortfalls. Liberalism relates to the Dependency theory, which contends that central and marginal economic affairs are concerns for a specific type of fundamental economist (Chan 11).

Business event Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business event Operation - Essay Example The event seeks to deliver an understanding to the customer segments that the newly-developed vodka emanates from the company’s devotion that compelled its staff to embark on a two-year research and development to produce the sophisticated wine with a 100% wheat ingredients (Coulter 2010, p. 5). In order to reach the target consumer groups, the observation has been that the Cavendish London hotel’s eco-friendly practices will match the firm’s need to provoke the understanding that the company is indeed devoted into emulating sustainable measures in every aspect that it will relate to during its endeavours. The choice of holding the event at the Cavendish London matches the marketing and consumer attraction needs since the target high-end clientele will perceive the important aspects outlined in the product and conceive the reality of the attributes since the acceptance of the product’s launch at the hotel will emanate from the evaluations undertaken by the venue’s management to identify the products eco-friendly aspects (Van der Aalst, 2008, p. 190). The four star hotel is located at the city’s commercial centre and its provision of environmentally friendly attributes relate to the newly developed vodka’s sustainability measures and consumption patterns in the target consumer markets (Corrà   2010, p. 2). The emphases that the venue is an appropriate platform emanate from the provision of large conference rooms that can comfortably accommodate the estimated 100 number of guests. Further, the Cavendish management will provide the required dining and enterta inment room, and following the consultations made, the Big Ben Conferencing room and the immediate rooms will be allocated to suit the event’s needs. The two parties have agreed to enter into a mutual agreement in hosting the new vodka launching event. The Cavendish London and the Maitre de Chai profess similar sustainable measures despite their

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay Example for Free

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay Introduction Education is perhaps the main source of human intellectual development and a critical factor pertaining to standard of living. Education here refers to all instructions received by a child, whether at home, playground, or school. Continuous increase in population and declining assets in public education give birth to a serious dilemma for developing countries. Like most of rest of the developing world, Pakistan is known to be a male dominated country and ranks as the seventh most populous of the world. The sex ratio is 105.7 men to every 100 women, with an overall literacy rate of only 45%; 56.5 percent for males and 32.6 percent for females in 1998 (Jehan, 2000). For centuries women have been battling for equality, yet the society continues to shape the stereotypical view of women and is responsible for the lower status of women. This paper aims to explore the factors obstructing Pakistani women, specifically in rural areas where they cannot acquire education. The consequences they face due to lack of academic opportunities are also discussed alongside an elaborate analysis pertaining to various sociological concepts introduced in the course. This is an ongoing cultural and political issue, which reflects the corrupt government and extreme subjective interpretations of the religious doctrines. The status of Pakistani women reflects the complex interplay of many factors such as social, cultural, and religious views. In addition, the gender biases, geographical regions, and social classes pose several difficulties for Pakistani women. Lack of education quite obviously hinders their practicality in the workforce along with increased unawareness about health and failure to access legal rights for mistreatment from the male dominating society. The social and cultural perspective of Pakistani society is primarily patriarchal. At a very early stage men and women are divided into two separate worlds, this becomes a way of life. For women home is defined as being the lawfully ideological space whereas, the men dominate the world outside the home. This false ideological discrimination between inside and outside worlds is supported by the notion of honor and the tradition of purdah (veil, the seclusion of women from the sight of men or strangers) in Pakistan (Country Briefing Paper, 2000). The male honor is associated with the women’s sexual behaviour, the family’s honor hold great emphasis on women’s sexuality. Although the women are not prohibited from working, at the same time they are supposed to firmly follow the rules of morality. They may feel a role strain, to be a â€Å"good† daughter or wife or to have the right to do a job they wish to do. Status is defined by your social location, and women in general face everyday prejudice because of their gender. Pakistan, being a developing country, has a lower overall status in the world. Pakistani women have many statuses; one being a â€Å"Pakistani†, this however is an achieved or ascribed social position. Meaning it can be attained either by taking birth in the country, or by applying to become a citizen. Being Pakistani is not her only social position, when she’s born; she’s a daughter (ascribed status), when she gets married; she’s a wife (achieved status), and then when she has children she’s a mother (achieved status). The status in terms of just occupying a position; the 3 different statues that the Pakistani women achieve are daughter, wife, and mother. She is not known for anything other than that. Rarely are they known for ‘working women’, or any kind of job positions. The culture looks at them as nothing more, nor are they supposed to have any other status. Status in terms of prestige or honour; for centuries women have been fighting for equality, equal rights, honour, and respect; despite all of that, it is still an ongoing struggle. Pakistani women have an ascribed lower status, this means that women don’t earn or work towards being a lower status; they are given it by birth. Most Pakistani families yearn for a son, so he could handle the family business, but on receiving a daughter, they are ashamed. Hence this starts her being worthless in the eyes of her parents. As she grows older, the neighbours start to look at her that way, and so forth. Eventually the society looks at her that way and therefore, it becomes a norm, or part of an ideology. A Pakistani women’s life particularly in rural areas is a journey of subordination. As a woman is growing up she must listen to her father who decides whether she obtains education and who she would marry. After marriage her husband and in-laws are the decision makers on her behalf, who mainly decide how many children she would have and whether she is allowed to work outside the household. In a woman’s senior years her sons decide the fate for the rest of her remaining life. This is the norm in Pakistan; the behavioral expectations of women are to listen to the males that dominate their lives. Furthermore the entire society acts as an oppressor imposing stereotypical roles upon them. As such, daughter, wife, mother: in all three of these roles, the woman is expected to be sexually ‘pure’, that is, not to commit any acts of adultery. In all three, she must protect her family’s honor by learning conventional general labor skills, exquisite manners, and modest dressing. Women are part of a loop: this loop starts from being a daughter, being a wife, and finally a mother; it ends in the mother giving birth to another daughter who must now follow her mother’s footsteps and live a life reminiscent to that of her mother. This social structure reflects the roles of women in a shocking new light, a light that barely, if not at all, reaches the west. The daughter’s role: starts when she is born into the family. Her role in her family is to clean the house, take care of the chorus alongside her mother, serve food, and if she’s lucky, go to school in a very unhygienic, little populated school. She is to get married at a very early age and this often results in her not finishing her education. Her father decides whom she should marry; this is a process with both cultural and religious significance. According to Islam, it is already written to whom you will marry. By the father being the person who decides, that gives him the â€Å"higher authority† or â€Å"higher status† as the daughter must be handed over by a wali (the present caretaker, either her oldest brother or father). The role of the wife: in most sense the role of the wife is very similar to that of the daughter; she is supposed to keep the honour of the husband by keeping quiet, following his lead, and implicitly being a slave. The role of mother: this is when the daughter learns to take all the cultural guidelines and the norms and apply it on her children. Thus the cycle starts all over again. In order for this cycle to break the women need to view their roles in perceptive of the bigger picture. They need to realize that they have voices and that they can change their faith. Though this does not mean going against their religion, but to fight for their rights in a politically corrupted governing system. Acquiring academic and career planning resources is definitely a constructive and logical start to absolving them from this loop. Conversely, the political and cultural infrastructure most definitely tries to thwart these efforts. The implications of these cultural requirements and lack of education for women’s economic activities are catastrophic. The female labour force participation is known to be the second lowest for Pakistan in the world (Jehan, 2000). Their high contribution in agriculture and the informal sector of work tends to go unrecorded by the statistics. However, in the poorest regions, some opportunities occur for women to work outside areas for domestic services such as sweepers, construction workers, and hired labourers. Women are also restricted to several industries such as textiles, food and beverages and pharmaceuticals. This norm guides the social behavior of Pakistani women, where they cannot acquire high paid jobs and limits women to jobs that are lowest paid and require less mobility. These gender-defined roles vary from the geographical region in which they reside, where some areas are stricter. The main concern is the lack of education among the rural areas limiting their working capabilities. The total number of females with less than primary education is 18% (Ibraz, 1993). The situation is better in urban areas where women have overcome some of the traditional restrictions due to educational facilities. Another factor that restricts Pakistani females from acquiring higher level of education is the traditional rule of marrying them at an early age. The average age of marriage is stated at 17 years for females (Ibraz, 1993). After marriage the beliefs of the husband interfere; resulting in his social behavior of making his wife take care of the household and his family rather than continuing with further education or working outside the household. Cultural ideas such as protecting the family’s honor result in women barely communicating with men outside th eir family. If any communication is necessary, they adjust their religious headgear to make sure that proper protocol is followed and communicate only with minimal eye contact and enthusiasm. Another cultural idea such as honor killings also encourages males to warn females of the consequences of not following the norms and of course, encourage them even more to carry out an execution if the woman is in fact found guilty. Also, in rural areas, a common cultural idea is that education encourages women to rebel against their respective families. This furthermore advocates the practice of not wasting money sending girls to school. Social identity: women who are brave and resourceful enough to leave their families are marked as ‘heathen’ or ‘witchy’. Other females in the neighbourhood are forbidden to socialize with them. Therefore, a common tool to dominate women who do rebel is to take away all social identity from them or in worse cases, demeaning their social identity through media propagandas and common word of mouth. This is a very potent technique; it makes other women (who are in sync with ‘norms’ ) disrespect and look down on those that actually stood up to the discriminating societal structure. The male dominating ideology, therefore, persists. The health indicators of Pakistani women are among the worst in the world. Pakistan is known to be one of the few countries where the life expectancy of males exceeds the females. One in every 38 women die due to pregnancy related complications (Annual Report, 2009). The health of the Pakistani women was never considered a priority because woman as a gender are not culturally, traditionally, or religiously given equal status in the society. The health system relies on this gender inequality and is hesitant to adopt policies to help improve women’s health. Lack of awareness among the female population allows them to accept the mistreatment from the system. They are more likely to approach different methods of treatments themselves. More than 80% women are delivered at home in the presence of unskilled birth attendants (Annual Report, 2009). Social and domestic control over women’s sexuality, their economic dependence on men, and restrictions on their mobility establish the health services provided to males and females. Furthermore, honour killings, rape, and illegal trafficking of women are prevalent across much of the country. Women in Pakistan are seen as a representative of the men’s honour to whom they belong; they are responsible for guarding their virginity and chastity. If a woman is superficially having an illicit sexual relationship, she degrades the family honor and looses the right to life (Amnesty International, 1999). In response the man publicly reveals his power to safeguard his honour by killing the women that have damaged it, these acts are done openly. Brutal punishments are reported for bringing food late, for answering back, and even for undertaking forbidden family visits. Extreme measures such as honour killings take place for several matters. Conveying the desire to choose a spouse and marrying a partner of their own choice is an act of disobedience since most marriages are supposed to be arranged by fathers. Divorce is seen as a public rebelliousness and women must be punished for restoring male honour. Rape among the Pakistani women is seen as a highly shameful event and thus rape victims are also executed. The Government of Pakistan has failed to take any measures against the honour killings (Amnesty International, 1999). The political institution is flawed; the law and government that are supposed to protect their people from harm’s way; institutionalized corruption. To give women a lower status and view them as unequal is prejudice. It is institutionalized for a Pakistani woman to follow the authority of the man, since he is superior to. It is a practice to look down upon women in Pakistan as it became a norm. An example of such injustice is a story of rape victim named Shazia Khalid. She was a medical doctor, who got married and was offered a job by a government run facility. Her husband worked outside the country, she was staying at the facility that was secured by the members of the military. She was repeatedly raped overnight and then silenced by the military as they would not allow the police to investigate. To avoid embarrassment of the military, General Musharraf, the president of Pakistan, declared the rapist innocent. They further attacked Shazia by suggesting she was a prostitute. At this point Shazia attempted suicide but thankfully was saved by her child’s request. Her story increased media’s attention and further humiliated the president of the country, her family was asked to leave the country by the order of the government. They decided to immigrate to Canada but because immediate actions were required they were told to reside in England where they will be further assisted by the government to move to Canada. When landing at England they were abandoned by the government and are living on welfare waiting from their admission to Canada (McKenna, 2006). Egocentrism plays a big role in the hearts of Pakistani men. Their pride and honor has a prestige status; meaning its worth more whereas a woman’s life is worthless. They created this norm shared by the society. In deciding not to follow the norm results in negative sanctions. Due to the institutionalized corruption many Pakistani women have taken a toll to fight for their rights. Diverse groups including the Womens Action Forum, the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association, the All-Pakistan Womens Association and the Business and Professional Womens Association, are supporting projects throughout the country that focus on empowering women. They have been involved in such activities as instituting legal aid for indigent women, opposing the gendered segregation of universities, and publicizing and condemning the growing incidents of violence against women. ( Group, strict)The progressive women’s association (PWA) and the all Pakistan women’s association (APWA) is comprised of educated individuals; an example of their political struggle is the attempt to change the hadood ordinances law in Pakistan regarding rape. They are quite effective as they are setting the milestone for women standing up for their rights in the country. Conclusion In light of arguments presented in the paper, the low status of Pakistani women can be attributed to lack of education and cultural values. The consequences are very negative: inequality in the workforce, poor health, and marriage at young age with high fertility and childbearing mortality. Pakistani women lagging behind in education are not aware of their legal rights and are forced to focus on obligations of family life. Although this paper is geared mainly towards the women in rural areas of Pakistan, the cultural and traditional aspect of life imposed on women still persists in middle and higher classes, merely less strict. Hence, there is definitely a big gap between the loose group of women and the strict group of women. Consequently, a solution to the issue can also be portrayed as bridging the gap between these two respective groups. Assistance from the global community will be required to educate different populations to invoke change. Resources APA style Annual Report. (2009). Health of women in Pakistan. Society of Obstetricians Gynaecologists of Pakistan. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC). Amnesty International. (1999). Pakistan, Honour Killings of Girls and Women. Country Briefing Paper, Women in Pakistan. (2000). Situation Analysis of Women in Pakistan: An overview Ibraz, Tassawar S. Fatima, Anjum. (1993). Uneducated and Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review. 32:4 Part II, pp. 905-915 Jehan, Qamar. (2000). Role of Women in Economic Development of Pakistan. University Of Balochistn. McKenna, Terence. (Feb-Mar 2006). In Dept Pakistan: Pakistan, Land, Gold, Women. CBC news. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/pakistan/mckenna_pakistan.html Munir, Shafqat. (2001). Institutionalized Exploitation of Women as Negative Impact of Globalization. Journalists for Democracy and Human Rights† (JDHR) Pakistan.